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OCT 28 f£ 



PRESENTED BY THE 

^tatr Centennial Celebration Committee 

Chairman, Prof. J. A. WooDBURN, State Utii\ersity Bloomington, Ind. 

Treauinr, Prof. Harlow Lindley, Earlham College Richmond, Ind. 

AT LARGE 

Prest. W. L. Bryan, State University Bloomington, Ind. 

Pres. W. E. Stone, Purdue University Lafayette, Ind. 

Miss Charity Dye Indianapolis, Ind. 

Dr. F. B Wynn Indianapolis, Ind. 

John B. Stoll South Bend, Ind. 

FIRST CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 

Mrs. Nora Fretageot New Harmony, Ind. 

SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 

Royal Purcell Vincennes, Ind. 

THIRD CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 

Lew O'Bannon Corydon, Ind. 

FOURTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 

I. N. Brown Franklin, Ind. 

FIFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 

F. M. Tilden Greencastle, Ind. 

SIXTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 

Dr. S. E. Smith Richmond, Ind. 

SEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 

John E. Hollett Indianapolis, Ind. 

EIGHTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 

Dr. G. W. H. Kemper Muncie, Ind. 

NINTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 

Dan Waugh Tipton, Ind. 

TENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 

Prof. G. I. Christie, Purdue University Lafayette, Ind. 

ELEVENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 

Frank Stutesman Peru, Ind. 

TWELFTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 

Theodore Thieme Ft. Wayne, Ind. 

THIRTEENTH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 

Judge Jos. G. Ieaugh Hammond, Ind. 








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BURFORD PRINT, NOlANAPOLIS. 



'X^l 



Indiana Centennial Celebration Committee 



Dr. Frank B. Wynn, Chairman 
311 Newton ClayiJOol Building. Indianapolis 



FIRST DISTRICT 

John W. Spencer, Evaiisville 
Judge Supreme Court of Indiana 

SECOND DISTRICT 

Wm. L. Bryan, Bloomingtoii 

President Indiana University 

THIRD DISTRICT 

Lew M. O'Bannon, C'orydon 

Editor and Proprietor the Corvdon 
Democrat 

FOURTH DISTRICT 

I. Newt Brown, Franklin 

President State Board ol Agriculture 

FIFTH DISTRICT 

Albert O. Lockridge, Greencastle 

Farmer and Lecturer on Agricultural 

Topics 

SIXTH DISTRICT 

Dr. Samuel E. Smith, Richmond 
Medical Supt. Eastern Indiana Hospital for 



Insane 



SEVENTH DISTRICT 

Cassius C. Hadley, Indianapolis 
Ex-Judge of the Appellate Court of Indiana 

JoHF E. Hollett, Indianapolis 

Ex-President Commercial Club of 
Indi.an.apnlis 

EIGHTH DISTRICT 

W. H. EiCHHORN, Bluffton 
Circuit Judge 2Sth Judicial Circuit 

NINTH DISTRICT 

Dan Waugh, Tipton 

Ex-Congressman 

TENTH DISTRICT 

Winthrop E. Stone, Lafayette 
President Purdue University 

ELEVENTH DISTRICT 

W. H. Sanders, Marion 
Editor Marion Daily Chronicle 

TWELFTH DISTRICT 

Andrew A. Adams, Columbia City 
Judge of the Appellate Court of Indiana 



THIRTEENTH DISTRICT 

Dr. Edward A. Rumely, Laporte 
Treasurer and Cieneral Manager M. Kuniely Co. 






Table of Contents 



PAGE 

1. Scope and Character of the Proposed Celebration. By the Committee 9 

Let it be conducted along Historical and Educational lines, in which every 
community is participant. 

2. The Indiana Centennial Commission. Demarehus Brown, Secre- 

tary Commission 16 

Its purpose, to select site and prepare plans for a Memorial Library and 
Museum. In addition, there should be an adequate and appropriate celebra- 
tion. 

3. Growth and Achievements of the Law. Addison C. Harris 19 

All historical review with suggestions as to how the evolution of Indiana's 
laws may be.st be shown. 

4. Religion. Frfincis H. Gavisk and M. L. Haines 25 

What religion has been to the settlement and development of the St^ite. 
and suggestions as to how this might be set forth in the celebration. 

5. Indiana Histoiy and Its Celebration. James A. Woodburn, Indiana 

University 30 

Showing how tlie whole history of the State might be told impressibly in 
pageantry; also an argument for historical research and the presenation of 
historical material. 

6. Literature. Meredith Nicholson 38 

Besides the historical page:uit it is recommended that a deiiartment be de- 
voted in the new Librar.v and Museum to Indiana literature and relics per- 
taining to its development. 

7. Elementarj' Education. Charles A. Greathouse, Superintendent of 

Public Instruction 45 

Traces the development of the school building, te.Kt-books, school eijuip- 
ment, modifications in school discipline, etc., showing liow e.xliiblts cduld be 
made highly instructive. 

8. Collegiate Education in Indiana. William L. Bryan, President 

Indiana University 51 

Outline suggesting collection of books, and pictures, and the preparation ol 
charts, and the presentation of lectures, setting forth the history and progress 
of institutions of leiiniing. 

9. Music. Edward B. Birge 55 

Preparations should be begun at once in all the larger towns and cities for 
a great Music Fest in 1916. Long preparatory training will be essential for 
a successful musical event. 

10. Art. Frederick Allen Whiting. Director Herron Art Institute, In- 

dianapolis 58 

State has achieved worthily in art, and some of the best men amongst 
the Indiana group should be chosen to make the mural decorations in the 
Library and Museum; and the Hoosier spirit should be e.xemplitied in a splen- 
did sculptural group. 

11. Outline of an Exhibit of Technical Education. Winthrop E. Stone, 

President Purdue University 63 

The technical schools of the State would be able to contribute largely 
toward a centennial celebration, since work of this kind lends itself well for 
purposes of demonstration. 

12. Agriculture. G. I. Christie, Purdue LTniversity 67 

Show by scientitically demonstrated exhibits the agricultural resources and 
possibilities of the State. 

8 



1>AGK 

18. Forestry. Stanley Coiilter. Purdue University 71 

Ex'hiliits should set forth lucidly what we origuiall.v li:ul. whiit we havr 
and what we might have. 

14. Public Health. J. N. Hiirty, Secretary State Board of Health 7:i 

In the celebration health exhiliits would teach the lessfins of preventable 
diseases: the need of keeping stn ims pure, of better hygiene for towns and 
cities, and of fostering school-hygit-ne. 

15. Outline of Proposed Athletic Events. T. P. Moran and Hugh Nicol, 

Purdue University 77 

Show history of development of athletics in State and proviile tinally in 
tJie celebration for a great Olympic. 

16. Civic Coordination and Park Development. Heniy Jameson, Presi- 

dent Indianapolis Park Hoard 81 

Make survey of cities and towns of State with a view to stimulating civic 
betterment, lesthetie, hygienic and sanitai'y. 

17. C'harities and Correction. Amos W. P>utler, Secretary State Board 

of Charities 87 

Ili.story and progress of Indiana's charitable and penal institutions and 
methods: how they may best be shown in the celebration. 

18. Suggestions for a Display of Indiana's Minerals, Fossils, Quarries, etc. 

David Worth Dennis, Earlham College 95 

Such an exhibition could not only be made very altractive, but very in- 
structive and practical. 

19. Stock and Farming Resources. Charles Downing, Secretary' State 

Board of Agriculture 99 

Exhibition would reveal our vast resources and, scientitically presented. 
would give tremendous impetus to better stock raising .ind farming methods. 

20. Manufactures, Commerce and Trade. Edward A. Kuniely, Laporte. . 10;i 

A Hist(U-ical and Educational Celebration would unify the divided inter- 
ests and regions of Indiana, making for a greater future — cununcrciMl. cul- 
tural and moral. 

21. Transportation. Clarence A. Kenyon, Indianapolis 110 

Development in Indiana. Exhibits properly demonstrated would teach les- 
sons about road Imilding and many other subjects relating to transportation. 

22. How to Awaken Oeneral Interest in the Centennial Celebration. Lew 

M. O'Bannon, Corydon 119 

Reach |ieople by a booklet in the schiMils, recounting Indiana's history and 
achievement.s. Every community should participate somehow in the cele- 
bration. 

23. Convention Hall. Indianapolis. Henry H. Danner and L. H. Lewis.. 122 

An adeipiate r'onvcntion ball in Indianapolis is a iiresslng need f'lr the city 
and State, which must and will be met by the public spirited citizen.ship of 
IndianajMdis in anii)le time for the Centennial Celebration. 

24. Going Back Home in 1916. Wilbur D. Nesbit, Chicago 125 

To visit again the old scenes and grasp again the hands of old friends, will 
be the rarest privilege which all ex-Hoosiers will enjoy in the home-coming. 

25. Quotations from a Few Letters Relating to the Proposed Centennial 

Celebration in 1916 l'^'^ 

26. Newer Buildings of Indiana Colleges 1'36 

27. Illustrations Showing Progress and Development in Various Fields. . 140 

4 



List of Illustrations 



Page 

1. Soldiers' .iiul Sailui-s' Mi'Duineiit S 

"2. First StMte House, ( 'iirydon 10 

:;. Second State Honse. Indiauniidlis 12 

4. Postoftiee, IiidiaiiaiKilis, 1850 14 

5. Present Pnstoffice Kiiilding, IndiauaiX)lis ir> 

(i. rarto(jn showing necessity for more room in State House 16 

7. Present Indiana State House 17 

S. Indiana Territorial Government House, Vincennes 20 

n. First Governor of Indiana 21 

1(1. Tip]>efanoe Battle Ground 22 

11. Little Cedar Church, near Brookville 25 

12. McKendrie Church, near Brookville 20 

13. Henry Ward Beecher's Church 2.S 

14. St. Mary".s Catholic Church. Indianapolis 2!) 

15. Pioneer Hoosier Residence 32 

16. Indiana Residence of 1S40 32 

17. Group of Modern Residences 34 

18. Maps of Early Indiana 36 

111. Edward Eggleston 38 

•JH. Edward Eggleston's Birthplace 39 

21. ( teneral I.,ew Wa 1 lace 40 

22. Interior of Lew Wallace's Study 42 

23. Exterior of Lew Wallace's Study 43 

24. First Log Schotilhouse in Wayne County 45 

25. Little Red Schoolhouse 46 

2ii. Recent Type of Country Schoolhouse 47 

27. Consolidated High School Building 48 

28. First Buildings of Indiana Colleges 50 

29. First Building Indiana University 52 

30. Early Buildings Ashury University 53 

31. "On the Banks of the Wabash Far Away" 55 

32. Noblesville Band. 1850 56 

33. Herron Art Institute. Indianapolis 58 

34. Exhibition Art Work. Richmond 59 

3.">. Exhibit of Student Art Work 60 

36. Purdue School of Jlechanical Engineering 62 

37. Purdue Agricultural Building 64 

38. The Purdue Herd 66 

39. What Indiana Micht Uo for Apple Production 68 

40. Giant White Oak 70 

41. Rocky Mountain Forest and an Indiana Woods 72 

43. Indiana Tuberculosis Hospital 74 

44. Protect Indiana Streams 75 

4."i. Public Swimming Pool 7S 

40. Public Playground 79 

47. A Beautiful Stream to Con.serve 82 

45. .Vn < lid Wooden Bridge S3 

-111. A New Indiana Bridge 84 

."lU. Before and After Treatment by a Park Board 85 

."il . Proposed State House Plaza 86 

52. Early Tyiie of Indiana Jail 87 

53. State Pris(ui. Michigan City 8S 

54. Old Orange County Infirmary 90 

55. New Orange County Intirmary 91 

56. Administration Building. Northern Hospital for Insane 93 

57. An Indiana Quarry 95 

58. Skeleton of a Mastodon 96 

59. "Shades of Death" 97 

60. Indiana4)red Horses 95) 

61. ilodel 1 )airy Baru 100 

62. Indiami Prize-winning Cow 101 



Page 

63. Tunnel Mill near Vernon 104 

64. Indiana-made Tractor and Plows 105 

05. Center of Population of the United States 106 

0(1. Old State Bank, Brookville 107 

07. Ox-team in Transportation Ill 

68. Packet "Governor Morton," First Trip 112 

69. First Gasoline Motor Vehicle in United States ll.T 

70. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway 114 

71. Up-to-date Kailway Transportation 110 

72. "The Constitutional Elm" 118 

T.'i. I 'rimitive Habitation 120 

74. Rocky Mountain and Brown County Roads 121 

75. Cartoon— Need of a Coliseum 123 

7<!. Welcome Home in 1910 120 

77. A "Homey" Old Country Place 127 

7.S. "The Big Woods" and "Little Hoosier Church" 12S 

7ti. Newer Buildings of Indiana Colleges — 

Notre Dame University 130 

Franklin College 130 

Indiana I'niversity 137 

Hanover College 138 

Butler College 138 

DePauw University 139 

80. Illustrations Showing Progress and Development in Various Fields — 

M. Rumely Co., Laporte 140 

Studebaker, South Bend 141 

Eli Lilly & Co., Early Buildings 142 

Eli Lilly & Co.. Recent Buildings 143 

Gary. Indiana. Steel Mills, New Theater, and Y. M. C. A. Building 144 

Indianapolis News Building 145 

Indianapolis Star Building 146 

Polk Sanitary Milk Co 147 

Nordyke & Marnidii Co 148 

National Motor Vehicle Co 14!) 

Traction Terminal Building, Indianapolis 150 

Claypool Hotel. IndianaiX)lis 151 

Washington Hotel, Indianapolis 152 

French Lick Hotel 153 

West Baden Hotel 153 



TO ALL INDIANIANS, PRESENT AND ABSENT, 
THIS VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED 



Scope and Character of the Proposed 

Celebration 



J>Y THE Cu.MMITTEE. 



The Centenary of Indiana's statehood is near at liand. Cognizance 
^vas taken of the approaching event by the Legislature of 1911 in the 
creation of a Centennial Commission to recommend a site and suggest 
plans for a i)ei-manent memorial. The action of the Connnission in de- 
ciding- upon a Library and Museum was universally applauded as 
wise and jjatriotic. That the succeeding Legislature will approve this 
movement, considering it with that largeness of view, consistent with 
the State's history, achievements and ]n-ospects, we take for granted. 
A splendid Libraiy and Museum of the monumental design and fitting 
environment contemiilated, will sup])ly an urgent present need, tj^pify- 
ing tlie i)atriotic and intelligent spirit of the Conunonwealth today; 
and stand a hundred years hence to i)roclaim with dignity the high 
character of citizenship in 1916. 

As stated in a succeeding chapter, on authority of the Indiana 
Centennial Commission, the law of 1911 did not empower them to go 
farther than recoimnend a site and prepare plans for a permanent 
memorial. Any consideration of a formal celebration was not con 
tem])lated in the act. Meantime there has arisen a sjiontaneous and 
wide-spread sentiment in favor of an adequate and ajjiiropriate cele- 
bration. In response to this feeling and upon call of the Grovernoi' 
and Indiana Centennial Commission there was held in Indianapolis, 
on May 3, 1912, a banquet at which the matter of a suitalile Centennia! 
Celebration was carefully considered. Various sections of the State 
were well represented by men of distinction, incluiliiig (lovernor ;\Iar- 
shall, Charles W. Fairbanks, members of the Indiana Centennial Com- 
mission, members of the House of Rejiresentatives, eminent jurists, 
educators, clergy, re]!resentatives of Indiana's leading business or- 
ganizations, newsjiaper men, and jiuiilic officials. The Hon. Chas. L. 
Jewett, Chainnan of the Centennial Connnission, presided. As ex- 
pressing the enthusiastic sense of that meeting, the following resolu 
tions were adopted: 

1. That we conmiend the movement initiated and under the di- 
rection of the Indiana Centennial Commission, to establish a State 
Historical Library and Museum building, of am])le size, artistic design, 




(Loaned !>>■ H.J, 1 rredloy^ 

First State House of Indiana, located at Corydon. In excellent state of preservation 



and with proper setting for architectural effect, as a permanent me- 
morial, to mark the end of the century of the State's existence. 

2. That sujiplemental to the historical library and museum, we 
believe there should be a Centennial Celebration of such dignity and 
duration as to fittingly typify the State's history, achievements, 
growth, wealth and resources, and likewise set forth its possibilities; 
that the celebration in its essential features should be historical and 
educational in character, with commercial and trade features as 
secondary. 

3. That in the consiunmation of such a celebration Indianapolis 
should set about to secure the erection of a splendid coliseum and 
music hall, the same in conjmiction with the Historical Library and 
Museum, to house such historical, educational and other exhibits as 
may be developed and demonstrated by experts during the course of 
the celebration; that for one period of the celebration the coliseum 
should be used for a great farm machinery and automobile show; at 
another period, agricultural and horticultural products; for the third, 
a great Olympic; for the fourth, a great music fest in which trained 
bands, chonises, orchestras from the various cities of the State, after 
prolonged coordinated ])repai'ation, might be brought together in a. 
great music festival, etc. 

4. That in our judgment the work of the State Board of Edu- 
cation, the State Board of Agriculture, the State Board of Health, the 
State Board of Charities and the Indiana Historical Society should be 
coordinated and harmonized in any attempt at a celebration. 

5. The foregoing plan of celebration in our judgment offers great 
advantages, amongst which may be enumerated : 

(a) It is possible of accomjilishment without great expense to 
the State. 

(b) The historical exhibits which will be developed will be saved 
to the State and preserved in the archives of the new Museimi for the 
instiTiction of present and future generations. Relics and documents 
of unpurchasable value will be saved which would otherwise drift to 
other States and be lost to us for all time to come. 

(c) The plan of educational exhibits demonstrated by trained 
experts will offer to all our citizenship knowledge of real value which 
they may cany home and apply. These exhibits will reveal to the 
people the needs and possibilities of education, in all its phases; will 
show the unsuspected and undeveloped natural resources about us on 
every hand; will make plain the necessity of better consei-ving our 
natural resources, the soil, the forests, the mines, the purity and beauty 

11 




o 
X 



of our streams, and above all teach the lessons relating to the con- 
servation of human life and liealth. 

The Indiana Centennial Celebration Coimnittee was created as a 
result of the general meeting held on May 3d, and the resolutions just 
quoted have formed the basis for the recommendations which follow. 

The succeeding chiipters contain suggestive outlines for the Cele- 
bration prepared by persons especially competent to speak upon the 
subjects they treat. Their suggestions are earnestly commended for 
serious consideration by the General Assembly, as the wise and care- 
fully-thought-out work of experts. Of the State's varied activities 
only a small ])art has received consideration. It is only oifered as a 
tentative plan, to be elaborated and perfected by painstaking labor 
and thought during the three years to come. 

With the event so near at hand it is well to take reckonings. In 
so important a matter it is the height of unwisdom to drift. Lagging- 
will end in conventional mediocrity. Early attention will enable care- 
fully wrought ])lans and am))le time for their fulfillment. 

An Educational and Historical Celebration as advised will or 
should require on the part of thousands of persons, the most pains- 
taking preparation. It will mean intelligent and well manned central 
organization, in active touch with all the cultural and moral forces as 
well as the i^roductive industries. Wise agitation and direction as 
well as efficient organization will be necessary in eveiy county of the 
State. 

This will require time. It wnll likewise take money; not an enor- 
mous sum and yet sufficient to insure a campaign of instructive ])lan- 
ning in every community. A liberal fimd should be available for the 
purchase of historical ]Mctures, manuscripts, relies, specimens of fos- 
sils, minerals, or archaeological remains for installation in the Museum; 
also for prizes to stimulate historical research in the schools and pro- 
mote the preparation of community exhibits. Money invested in this 
mannei' will be of the greatest practical advantage, in promoting 
the educational phase of the Celebration, and bring to the Museum 
material of inestimable value. 

As the year 1916 approaches there should be regional celebrations 
and "try-outs," preparing the way for the culminating event. The 
greatest benefit accruing to the State from such Historical and Edu- 
cational Celebration will arise from the thorough course of training 
necessary to its successful achievement. 

In considering the scope and character of any proposed celebra- 
tion, the conventional exposition has not been deemed worthy of serious 

13 



thought. Such are in their essential features great department store 
exliibits, entailing enormous expense in the construction of temjjorary 
buildings which serve the puiiiose of a day and are torn down; an 
unwai-i'antable extravagance. It is the prime purpose of this Commit- 
tee to inaugurate and promote a method of commemoration which will 
not only be dignified and appropriate but give permanency of results 
to the entire citizenship. Our history, achievements and growth are 
inspirational. Why not let them speak to the world through the people 
who have wrought so well. Educational and Historical Exhibits, 
demonstrated by exjterts will insure the greatest good to the greatest 
nmnber. The)' will give that breadth of knowledge which is an asset 
of value, powei' and jiermanence. 




Post Office, Indianapolis, 1850 

In the year 1908 the city of Quebec proclaimed in splendid pag- 
eantry to assembled guests from all the world, the story of her history. 
For a fortnight the citizens of New York City and every village upon 
the Hudson consecrated themselves to impressive and ui)lifting cere- 
monies in commemoration of the work of Hudson and Fulton. It is 
well that we celebrate each year with proud acclaim the birthday of 
the nation and of our illustrious national hero. 

But what of Indiana? Has the Commonwealth an im worthy 
past! Was it a small matter to struggle with the privations of pioneer 
life, to brave the terrors of wild beasts and barbarous tribes'? Is it 
of no moment that in all the national wars of the past century Indiana 
has ])layed a noble part? Is it a trifling matter that in these hundred 



14 



years endless forests and swamps have been supplanted by fertile 
fields and prosperous cities, with humming factories and busy com- 
merce? Who can contemplate without swelling ])ride the transition 
from the log schoolhouse to our unexcelled public school system, the 
growth of our colleges and flowci'iiig out of the simplicity and culture 
of our Hoosier life a literature to which all the world ]iays homage. 
Once the term "Hoosier" implied opprobrium. Xow the title is worn 
proudly, emblematic of character and worth. 




Present Indianapolis Post Office Building 

In the face of these facts what Indianian is so unresponsive to 
patriotic sentiment as to oppose a fitting celebration of Indiana's Cen- 
tenary in 1916? We refuse to believe there are such. 

The time and the occasion ai-e not ordinaiy. The situation calls 
for the broadest cooperation and the most exalted patriotism. It de- 
mands the abolishment of political lines and sectional feeling. Let 
us recognize no north, nor south ; no Evansville, no Fort Wajaie, no 
Indianapolis; but only Indiana. Hoosierdom belongs to us all. Let 
us celebrate her Centenary worthily. Indiana is the geographical and 
cultural heart of the Nation. Let it throb with patriotism in 1916! 



15 



The Indiana Centennial Commission 



Demarchus Bhown. 



The Indiana Centennial Commission was created l»y the law of 
1911 for the inirpose of selecting a site and preparing plans for the 
memorial Iniilding to eommeniorate in 1916 tlie admission of Indiana. 

The Great Question 




cSHA^gli 



Where to put 'Em? 



into the Union. The law defines the purpose of this building to be 
the "proper housing of the State Libraiy and Musemn, Public Library 
Commission, and the educational and scientific offices of the State." 
This memorial shall be known as the "Indiana Educational Building." 



16 




— V 

o 15 



> 5 



,o £ 



S E 



The Centeiiiii;i] ( 'oiiiiiiis.sioii consists of Colonel ('liarles Ij. Jewett 
of Xew Albany, Senator Frank M. Kistler of I^og-ansport, Kein-osent- 
ative Joseph ^I. Cravens of Madison, Hon. Charles W. Fairbanks of 
Indianapolis, and State Librarian Deniarehus C. Brown. This Com- 
mission nnder the law is concerned only with the plans and the erec- 
tion of a snital)le memorial bnilding. The members are alive, however, 
to the importance of a pri)])er celebration of the State's Centennial 
apart from the dedication of the proposed structure. 

There should lie a historical pageant which would bring- before 
the eye of the people the develo|)ment and gro\vth of Indiana. There 
should be exhibitions in agriculture, manufacturing, education, art, 
transportation, music, and all departments of life. These will be 
made as ]")ermanent as possible because the celebration must he far 
j-emoved from the ejihemeral exjiosition. A worthy celeln'ation carried 
out in a dignitied manner will not only be instructive but a source of 
inspiration for the future. 

While not anthoiized by the statute to do so, the Centennial Com- 
n]ission called a meeting of public-sjiiiited citizens in May, 1912, to 
discuss the whole question. The meeting was representative of the 
entire State and showed great interest in the celebration of the cen- 
tennial of Indiana's admission into the Union. An organization was 
formed to arouse public sentiment on the suliject and to keep the mat- 
ter before the ]ieoi)l('. It is hoped that this organization will be 
strengthened and supported by the Centennial Commission, even if 
an enlargement of the powers of the latter should become necessary 
for that imrpose. 

The Centennial Commission desii'cs not only Uic collection and 
preservation of the State's history and relics of all kinds in a great 
library and miiseum which shall be a useful institution to all the 
people, but it hopes to see a universal interest in the history and de- 
velopment of the commonwealth and a profound concern for its i^ast. 
Indiana has not done what other States have in the preseivation of 
its liistoiy. Can the public be aroused to a fuller a^jpreeiation of this 
matter? 

A great celebration at the time of the dedication of the memorial 
building in 1916 will do more to awaken and keep alive the public 
interest than anything else. This means if the celebration be done in 
a worthy, dignified way, and if the building be a beautiful and useful 
monument. This is what the Centennial Commission is plaiming, and. 
what it will recommend to the Legislature. 



IS 



Growth and Achievements of the Law 



Addisox C. Harris. 



The l)eginuing, growth ami achievements of tlie iaw in Indiana 
malve an interesting chapter in the history of onr State. This liistory 
begins with the capture of Post Vineennes, on Febiiiary 25, 1779, by 
General George Kogers C'lark. He was a commissioned officer in the 
militai'y sen'ice of the State of Virginia, commissioned by Patrick 
Henry, as Governor; and so by the rules of international law, the land 
he took by his conquest, being all the territory northwest of the Rivei' 
Ohio, became the property of the State of Virginia. There Ix^ing 
white inhabitants at Post \"incennes and at a few other points in the 
territory, it became the duty of the State of Virginia to establish a 
government for their protection. To this end, the House of Burgesses 
of ^"irginia shortly after the conquest created all the land northwest 
of the river Ohio into a distinct county, and the Governor ai)pointed 
a county lieutenant with authority to organize and maintain a proper 
force for the maintenance of jieace and order, who at the same time 
established a coui't of civil and criminal jurisdiction at Post Vineennes 
composed of several magistrates. Colonel J. M. P. Legreas was made 
president of the court, which court sat from time to time, and some of 
its decisions were taken on appeal to the court of last resort in Vir- 
ginia. 

After the victoiy at Yorktown, in the treaty of peace between the 
United States and Great Britain, made on our ]jart by Benjamin 
Franklin, John Adams, John Jay and Henry Laurens at Paris on No- 
vember .30, 1782, this land northwest of the river Ohio was treated a?- 
being a part of the State of Virginia. But it was the general sentiment 
of all the ]ieople at that time that inasmuch as all Americans had been 
engaged in the common cause against Great Britain, that in equity 
and good conscience, the fruits of Clark's conquest should belong to 
the T'nited States itself. The statesmen and people of Virginia 
acknowledged the justness of this claim. And so on December 20, 
1783, the Legislature of Virginia, by an act, directed the representa- 
tives of that State in the Congress In- proper deed to cede all this 
land to the United States, and the deed was signed, acknowledged, 
executed and delivered on the first day of March, 178-1, by Thomas 
Jetferson, Arthur Lee, James Monroe, and Samuel Hardy, then dele- 
gates in the Congress from the Commonwealth of Virginia. And tliu^ 

1!l 



tliis land beccune tlii' ])roperty and ])assed under the jiirisdictidn of the 
Federal Government. 

On July 13, 1787, the Congress passed an act, cdinnionly known as 
tlie Ordinance of 1787, for the government of the territoiy of the 
United States northwest of the river Ohio. This ordinance deehired 
among other things that slavery should never exist on this soil and 
that the iidiahitants should be entitled to the benefits of .iurv trial, 
proportionate representation in the Legislature, and that "reiigion, 
morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the 




Governor Jennings, the first Governor of Indiana 

happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall for- 
ever be encouraged." It was also declared in the ordinance that the 
territory should as the ijopulation increased be in time divided into 
tive States and admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the 
original thirteen States in all respects whatever, and each State when 
created should be at liberty to form a permanent constitution and State 
government, and secure to the peo]>le of the several States the funda- 
n:ental rights of liberty, religion and education, pledged in the ordi- 
nance. On May 7, 1800, all that ])art of the land Iviug west of the now 



:ji 



state of Ohio was hv Congress constituted a separate territory under 
the name of the Indiana Territory. A territorial govermnent was 
(iiganized on July 4 of that year. General William Heniy Harrison 
T\'as appointed Governor. The seat of the territorial govennnent was 
fixed at Saint Vineennes, and a territorial legislature and a territorial 
court were at once organized. The house in which the legislature and 
court sat is still in existence in Vincennes. In the year 1813 the seat 
of the territorial government was removed to Corydon. 

On Ai)ril 1!», ISKi, the Congress passed an act to enable the ]ieople 
of Indiana Territory to form a constitution and State government, 
and for admission into the Tnion, and authorized the election by the 
]ieo]ile, of representatives or delegates to meet at Corydon and then 
foim a constitution and State government, and declaring that when 
formed such goveinment shall be republican and not repugnant to the 
fundamental articles of the Ordinance of 1787. A constitutional con- 
vention accordingly met on June 10, 181(5, at Corydon and adopted 
and estalilished a State constitution and form of goveniment. Jona- 
than Jennings was president of the convention and the first Governor 
(if Indiana. The Supreme Court asseml)led at Corydon on May 5, 
1S17. Shortly afterwards Governor Jennings ajijiointed Isaac Black- 
ford to the su])reme bench, which position he held as the leading mem- 
lici- of that tribunal for more than thirty-five years, and until by the 
adoption of the i)resent constitution of the State (which was but a 
series of amendments to the old constitution of ISlfi) the Sui)renie 
Court judges ceased to be appointive and became elective. More than 
fifty judges have sat upon the supreme bench of the State during its 
first century, and many are kjiowai throughout the Nation for their 
learning and ability. The court from the l)eginning had official re- 
]ioi-ters, among which n)ay be mentioned Alliert (i. Porter, Benjamin 
Harrison and John W. Kern. The rights of the State were repre- 
sented in this great court by attorney-generals, among which may be 
mentioned Joseph E. McDonald, Oscar B. Hord, and William A. 
Ketcham. The first Legislature after the adoption of the present con- 
stitution contained many of the leading lawyers of that period. They 
revised and reenacted the laws of the State. They abolished tiie old 
forms of practice in the courts, and adopted the sinijiler methods pi'o- 
vided by the code wliiih was in fact written liy Lucien i^. Barbour, a 
leading membei' of the Indiana liar. 

Another great reform enacted by that Legislature was the statute 
greatly enlarging the rights of married women, which measure was 
championed by Richard D. Ovren. 



23 



A few yeai's ago a great stej) was taken in the administration of 
ei'iminal law by the adoption of the indeterminate sentence of crim- 
inals to prison. 

It is not necessary to name the many I'nrward steps made by the 
Legislature and the courts of this State throughout the past century 
towaixls the better form of government. This would require a full 
chapter in the history of the State. 

It is l)elieved that the growth and (h'\<'l(>)ini('iit of the legis- 
lative and judicial dei»artments of the State gov(n'nment could 
be shown by gathering together in a museum or de]>artment the 
portraits of the great men of the eai'ly times engaged in hiyino- 
the foundations of our State government, among which may be men- 
tioned General (ieorge Rogers (Mai'k, Thomas Jefferson, Governor 
.Jeimings, and others; and portraits of all the judges of the Suprenu' 
Court, headed by Judge Blackford, together with the i-eportei's an 1 
attorney-generals of the State and men who have distinguished them- 
selves in the Legislature from year to yeai- in the enactment of good 
laws. There to lie gathered together, also ])ictures of the first asseml)l\ 
building as it still exists in Vincennes; the State House at Corydon, 
with the historic elm under which the cimstitutional convention sat; 
the first court house in Indianajiolis in which the Supreme Court also 
sat after the removal of the capitol to this city and before the com- 
pletion of the old State House; the tii'st State House and Supreme 
Court building in this city occujjied foi- twenty years and the new 
State House in which the Legislature and courts now sit; together 
v>ith ))ictures of the county court houses of the early ])eriod, followed 
liy a. display of the court houses in the several counties of the State 
at the ]iresent time. Fn such museum would also he accumulated many 
historical documents connected with the history of the State, letters, 
autographs and ]iortraits of the judges and others, including those 
of laT\yers who, assisting in the administration of justice, elevated 
and made the bar of Indiana er|iml to that of any other State in the 
Union. 



Religion 



Francis H. Gavisk and M. L. Haines. 



Tlie coming- State Centennial sliould give an opportunity for pres- 
■eiitatious of tlie history of the religious life of the people of Indiana 
of S])ecial interest and value. 

Religion in its various forms of manifestation has been the power 
more potent than any other to mould and inspire the lives of our citi- 
zens to higlier issues. 




Little Cedar Baptibt Church, near BrookviUe. Indiana. 

Begun in 1810, completed in 1812. The earthquake of 1811 came near to causing abandonment of the undertak- 
ing. After long fasting and prayer, work was resumed and the building completed in 1812 

Tlie record of the progress of the various churches and religious 
societies of the counnonwealth could he set forth in a series of charts 
and pictures, each denomination furnishing its own. 

Along with these there should be pro\'ided in a loan exhibition 
such historic-al mementoes — jjortraits, books, relics — as would be vivid 
reminders of the religious life of jiast years. 

A number of the events of imjiortance in the histoiy of the 
churches could be set forth in historical pageants and tableaux in a 




m 



manner similar to thai in whit'li tlie work of \yorld missions has been 
] resented by the churclies in London, Boston and Cincinnati. 

Illnstrated lectures and addresses on the early struggles and 
various lines of advance of the different religious denominations 
should have a place on the program. 

The story of the coming of the heroic Catholic priests and of the 
devoted Protestant missionaries to the Indian tribes of our territory; 
the struggles of the scattered pioneer churches in the new settlements : 
the ex]>eriences of "circuit rider" days; the coming of the Friends to 
eastern Indiana and what that settlement has meant to the upbuilding 
of the State, these and many other forms of religious and church life, 
]iotent in their influences, should be presented. 

There should be included also in these exhibits the institutions, 
educational and philanthropic, that have come directly out of the re- 
ligious life of the ]ieople. 

This means that the private schools and seminaries, and the col- 
leges founded and maintained by the religious denominations should 
be classified with the churches as expressions of their life. 

So the hosjutals, and orphanages, and "homes," and other iusti- 
tutons for the sick and the needy, should not l)e left out when the works 
of mercy which religion has wrought are presented. 

This is but a bi'ief outline of what should be done. When the char- 
acter of the observances of that celebration are more definitely deter- 
mined upon then plans that will fit in with all the other exhibits can 
be ju'esented more fully in regai'd to the religious exhil)its and observ- 
ances. 




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St. Mar>-'s Catholic Church, Indianapolis 



Indiana History and Its Celebration 

James A. Woodburn. 



The Indiana Centemiial should keep in view two aspects in eom- 
memoration of Indiana history. 

I. It should 1ie tlie ooeasion and tlie means of i)i'omoting the 
stvidy, eollection and ])ieservation of materials for tlic history of In- 
diana. 

II. It should ])roduee a worthy jmhlic celehration and commemo- 
ration of the historic past of the State. 

The first of these ends will relate to what is of the more ]>ermn- 
nent and enduring- value, the hitter to the moi-e iniiiieiliate, iio|iular, 
and spectacular side of the centennial cele))ration. jjet us speai< tirst 
of the second as^ject of the centennial year. 

I. 

While a material and sjiectamilar celebration of a hundred years 
of the State's histoiy will be fleeting and will pass away with the 
jubilee exercises of tlie year, >'ef its influence may be abiding for years 
to come. Tliis aspect of the celebration is of iniporlanrc, and much 
care and attention may wisely be devoted to if. if may he made an 
expression of noble devotion to the State, of a worthy public spirit 
and a fine patriotism which may lieget in the rising generation a 
deeper love for Indiana, and a more infellig-ent appreciation of her 
achievements, while to the generation that is passing from the stage 
of action there may be given much joy and satisfaction in having been 
a part of a worthy ]iast. 

Let us portray in pageantry a hundred years of Indiana history 
before the people of the State. This can be done i»y 

(A) A grand spectacular jjiocession through the streets of the 
capital city, illustrating many interesting and varied aspects of our 
history. We would suggest a visual illustration and a representation, 
by means of foots or a series of iahh'ait.r, of the following: 

T. Ptoxeee Life. 

1. An Indian Group, 

The AVigwam, showing the induslry and domestic life of 
the Indians. The descendants of Indiana Indians may 
be obtained. 



2. The Life of the Pioneer Trai)i)er ami Wood Ranger, the 

Coiirnirs <U- Bois. 

3. La Salle and the Jesuits. 

4. Tlie Pioneer Settlement at Ft. \'incennes and Ft. Wayne, 

and Ouiatanon; The Trading Post. 

5. The Scene of the Transfer from the French to tiie English. 

6. (Jeorge Rogers Clark and the Capture of Vincennes, 1779. 

7. Tippecanoe. 

8. The Inauguration of the Territorial Government, ISO;!. 

9. The Council of Gen. Harrison with the Indians. 

TI. The PERTon of Settlement. 

1. The early Log Cabin: Half-Faced Camp. 

2. Early Log Cabin : The Romid Log Type. 

3. Eaidy Log Cabin : Hewed Log Type — Interior view, wom- 

an spinning, etc. 

4. Making the Constitution under the Corydon Elm. 

5. Gov. Jennings taking the Oath of Office. 
G. j\[aking the New Purchase, 1818. 

7. The Founding of Indianapolis. 

8. Ti'ansfer of the Capital to Indianai)olis : How Saumei 

Aterrill Transported the Treasury. 

9. An Early Church Meeting. 

10. The Circuit Rider. 

11. An Early Schoolhouse. Scenes from the Hoosier School- 

master. 

12. The Founding of Indiana University. 

13. Eai-ly Transportation and Travel. 

(a) The Pack-horse. 

(b) The Ox Team. 

(c) Coaching and Post Days. 

(d) Flatboat and Canal Boat. 

(e) The Early Tavern. 

(f) The "Movers" and the Conestoga Wagon. Scenes 

on the National Road, of which AVashington 
Street was a i)art. 

(g) The Early Steam Train. 

14. .\ Political Campaign. "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too." 

Log Caliin and Hard Cider, and the Coonskin. 

15. A Husking Bee and an Apple Peeling. 



31 




The Pioneer Type of Hoosier Residence 




The More Pretentious Type of Residence, found through Southern Indiana in the '40s and '50s 



III. Sl.AVEKY AXIi THE WaR. 

1. The ["ii(1cr,i>'i-(niiKl Knilway. 

L'. Liiifolii Sjeakiiig at Indianapolis r;/ i-oiiti^ to Washing- 
Ion. 

;>. Gov. Morton ofTering- Trooijs to Lincoln for the Union. 
4. Uov. Moi-ton Commissioning Union Oilficers, Lew Wal- 
lace, et al. 
Union Soldiers Ijeaving for the Front. 
(!. The Women at Home in War Times. 
Ai-rival of News from the Front. 
The Boys Coming Back from the Wai-. 
Indiana's Kecord in the Civil War; Roster — Numlier En- 
listed, Dead, Wounded, etc. Tableaux of Arms. 

IV. Fjater Industrtal and ^Iaterial Development. 
L Mining. 

2. Agriculture. 

o. uMannfacturing. 
4. Transportation. 

\". A Series of Tableaux. Seitixg Forth the Life of the State 

IN 

(a) Literature. 

(b) Art. 

(c) Science. 

(d) Education. 

(e) Human Welfare. 
These are tentative suggestions. 

Other features will be thought of and the details and the execu- 
tion of the spectacle can l)e wrought out l>y care and thought on the 
])art of those who are competent and skilled in tlie art of exhibition. 

(B) In addition to the s])ectacular procession we could have a 
play, or a series of talileaux in a fixed ])lace with repeated perform- 
ances during the centennial celebration. They should be designed to 
illustrate scenes, incidents, and characters in Indiana life. Men like 
Mr. McCutcheon could supply a series of popular cartoons to ])icture 
to us the past, and, no doubt, men of the standing of Mr. Meredith 
Xicholson, Mr. Booth Tarkington. 'S\v. Charles ^lajor, and Mr. George 
Ade, would lend theii- literary and dramatic art to promote a suitable 
memorial celebration in honor of the State. The best mind and talent 
of Indiana can be brought to the sei'vnce of such a worthy enterju'ise. 
A good basis for such a diamatic ]iresentation might l)e found in Mr. 
^FcKnight's woi-k. "Indiana. .\ Diania nf Progress." 




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II. 

lUit what we do for Liidiiuia liistory should not i:ass with the day 
or the year of the ce]e)>rati(ni. The centennial sliould produce a more 
abiding result. It must leave us richer in historical materials, in the 
soui-ees from which the history of the State may i)e written, and in 
crcMlitahle accounts of that history. The occasion should lead the 
State to do more for the jiresen'ation of materials for her history, and 
to iiromote the collection, editing, and pulilication of materials that 
will have a value to the State for the centuries to come. The State 
should make suitable ]>rovisions for fostering aii ImlhuKt Historical 
Surrci/, such as is already liegun in Indiana T'ni versify. The sun-ey 
should keep in view certain definite ends: 

1. The preparation and publication of a coiitplcie hibUotjraphi/ of 
IiuUdiKi Histori/. 

This should present a list with a brief descrii)tion, of every known 
work — book, essay, pamphlet, etc. — touching any pei'iod or phase of 
Indiana history, with a citation as to where the work may be found. 
This should be supplied to every liluary in the State so that any citi- 
zen of the State who wishes to know may easily learn what books and 
sources are available in ]irint on the history of the State. 

2. There should be organized and directed effort for the eollec- 
fion, preservation, and puhlication of Inrliaua historical material. 
There should be a well-sustained agency constantly at work for the 
attainment of this end. 

The materials that are being wasted and lost should he saved and 
collected, placed in the proper libraries for safe keeping, catalogued and 
arranged for the use of students and writers. Pamjihlets, books, let- 
ters, dociunents, newspaper files, journals of travel, diaries, etc., all 
sucli materials should be saved from being lost or destroyed or carried 
away from the State. Indiana, from lack of provision and of proper 
])ublic concern, l;as been remiss in this respect in the past. The people 
of the State should be encouraged to save these materials of their 
history and to place them where tiiey can be safe-giuirded ami 1)e made 
most easily available for use. 

3. In the third place the State should encoui-age and sustain the 
pul)lication of a scries of monographs on Indiana histoiy. Such 
monogra]ihs might not be profitable in the book-trade, though they 
may be of the highest value. They should show the result of a care- 
ful and scientific study of our histoiy. They can be undertaken and 
worthily produced only by men or women who have been suitably 
ti'ained for such work or wlio have a facultv foi- historical research. 



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'I'iit'ir rt'Jil value will l)t' in exact i^'oportioii as they are the products 
of serious, scholarly, ])aiiistaking, and scientific study. No conunercial 
enterprise will produce the results ilesired. The centenuial year will 
likely hrijig forth for sale to the public a batch of mushroom wiitings 
called Histories of Indiana. They will generally lie the ]iroducts of 
a few months or of a single season's hurried work, based on inade- 
fiuate materials, and generally prepared by persons who have few 
(;uaiitications foi- writing history. Such publications will add nothing 
to our real knowledge of the history of the State. Their prime pur- 
]iose will be to make money for their publishers and authors. Manv 
of them will lie carelessly prepared, erroneous and misleading, deal- 
ing with unauthentic and fanciful stories and exaggerated myths. To 
( (umteiact such misinformed and misinforming work, it seems emi- 
nently desirable that the State should undertake the publication of a 
seiies of historical collections, comparable to those of Massachusetts, 
New York, Michigan, etc., and such as Illinois is now carrying out in 
a notable way. If the centeimial can bring tc^ iiass such a desir- 
able and lasting result, it will be a cause for praise and gratitude by 
the gencations that are to come. 



Literature 



Meeedith Nicholson. 



T bave been asked to give an opinion as to the best manner in 
wbieb the litei-avy acbievements of Indiana might be recognized in 
the proposed centennial celebration. Tn snch a matter many views 




Edward Eggleston, Author of the Hoosier Schoolmaster 

are possible, and it sbonld be understood tliat I make tliese sugges- 
tions only because they have been asked through the courtesy of the 
committee having the plans in preparation, and with no feeling that 
they are tinal at any jidint. 



38 




House in which Edward Eggleston was born. Vevay, Indiana 




Author of Ben Hur 



It occiir> to iiic tli;it a pageant would iiialce po.sfsihie an expression 
of the life and growth of tlie State that would s|)eak at onee for the 
pictorial arts, for the drama, and for literature as well ; and that, 
wisely conceived and generously executed, such an item of the pro- 
gram would make a very wide ajjpeal. In England the i>agcaiit has in 
recent years heen carried i'ai' and with distinguished success; and 
only last summer, in Detroit, an historical pageant was presented that 
attracted many thousands of visitors to that city. The successful 
pageant is not turned out lightly in a day, hut requires long and in- 
telligent study; like an ogg it must be good or it is had; there is no 
middle ground; and a good pageant costs money. There are in the 
universities and colleges of Indiana men and women (piite cajiable 
of putting through a pageant of the first order. Miss Charity Dye. 
for many years in the English Department of Shortridge High School, 
at Indianapolis, arranged a number of successful pageants, I believe. 
and she ])ossesses a great deal of information on the subject, lioth 
historical and practical. I should think it would be wholly pos 
sible to arrange a single pageant, or a succession of pageants, expres- 
sive of Hoosier progress, with the aid of the teaching staffs of the col- 
leges; and the students of our colleges and high schools would be ob- 
viously the material from which to draw the active i)artici]iants. 
Probably in no other way could so many lines be brought together 
and harmonized — educational, historical, literary and artistic. 

At tlie time the pro])Osed State l^ibrary and Museum is oi^ened 
it Avould be well to set apart a division for the preservation of Indiana 
literature. The i)resent lil)rary has no such department. Recent In- 
diana fiction is placed in circulation for the use of emi)loyes of the 
State House and many of the books are badly worn. There is no space 
in the present library for the maintenance of an Indiana division; but 
in my judgment all the books of Indiana writers that have any value, 
particularly those that are interpretative in any degree of the Hoosier 
people, should be carefully lU'cserved. It can not be pretended that 
every book written by an Indianian is entitled to such a place. There 
has been a disposition to claim as Indiana writers men like Joaquin 
Miller and the late John Hay who, while born within the State's bor- 
ders, and writers we should be proud to include in our pantheon, were 
never in any way identified with the State. The line must he drawn 
somewhere, and both judgment and courage are reipiired in estab- 
lishing it. Xo one could be better <puilif]ed than the i)resent State 
Librarian for this task. In these days the lives of many books, even 
of vers' meritorious ones, are brief. It is exceedingly difficult to ob- 



41 




Mr. Wm. Young reading to Gen. Wallace for the first time his dramatization of Ben Hur 



tain copies of hcinks that are not yet ten years old, in tlieir original 
fonns; and the Department of Hoosier Writers should have first edi- 
tions as far as possible. These vohnues should be for display and 
for reference; and once carefully ))egun the department should be 
maintained through the years. 

It would, I think, be an interesting feature of the jjrojiosed exer- 
cises of the centennial celebration to exhibit this department, and to 
have in connection with the opening an address by some one who 
would deal sympathetically but critically with Indiana's contributions 
to the national literature. The speaker should be chosen with care, 
and the occasion might best be served by the choice of some one not 
identified with the State in any way. 

I take it that tlie Library and Museum will become in time the 
recipient of tablets, busts, and other memorials, commemorative of 
Indiana's eminent citizens in every de]iartment of life; and very likely, 
witli proiK'v attention, some such memorial of one of our greater 
Hoosier writers might be in i-eadiness for the centennial. This should 
lie clearly a reiiresentation of some writer of indubitable standing, 
and I suggest Edward Eggleston, .lames Whitcomb Riley, General 
Lew Wallace and Maurice Thom]ison as men whose recognition has 
been so general that the State would honor herself in honoring th?m. 
In the case of Mi'. Kiley, it would undoubtedly be very easy to I'aise. by 
l^rivate subscription, a fund sufficient to i)rocure a liust or has relief, 
and I should like to see the dedication of such a permanent tribute to 
his genius made a feature of the exercises. 

In connection with, the maintenance of an Indiana division in the 
new library, I suggest that there might be gathered also for the cen- 
tennial and as the nucleus of a permanent collection, autographs and 
manuscripts of some of the Indiana writers. The MS. of Genera! 
Wallace's '"Ben Hur" is, I believe. ])reserved intact; and doubtless 
some of the MSS. of Maurice Thompson, Dr. Eggleston and Mi-. I'iley 
could be obtained. 



44 



Elementary Education 



Charles A. Greathouse. 



The ])uliiic school system of Indiana lias Inid an interesting and 
decided development, esi)ec'ially in the last fifty years. 

The spirit of the canse of education Avas not al)sent even in the 
territorial organization, for we find in the Ordinance of 1787 that, 
"religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good govern- 
ment and the h;ni])iness of mankind, schools and the means of educa- 




First log schoolhouse in Wayne County, 1813. Also picture of Jonathan Roberts, who 
attended school in this building in 1814 

tion shall be forever encouraged," Init although this idea was brouglit 
out again and again and emi)hasized under the constitution of 181(3, 
the school system was merely n^ion the statute books, and for thirty 
live years or more little was accomi>lished Init "confusion and ruin." 
School legislation under the constitution of 1851 was an early 
consideration, and in 1852 and 1873 definite and permanent steps were 
taken toward the establisliment of free public schools, and today In- 
diana ranks second to no State in the Union in her system of com- 
mon schools. 

4.") 



In tlie workins;- out of this ]nil>lir school system iiiaii\' iiiipurtant 
factors and lines of study have develoiieil that are possible of material 
representation for th:» purpose of a centennial ohservance. 

The school building in its evolution from the little one-rocnn log 
schoolhouse to the capacious modern edifice may be shown by actual 
buildings in miniature and by pictures. 

School furniture and general equipment in tliiir niarx'clons de- 
velo})ment, iVom the wooden bench and rongli table to the n]i-to-date 
steel furniture and adjustable seats with convenient and sanitary 
desks, may be made an instructive collection. Here, too, will appear 
the old water-bucket and common gourd or dipper by the side of the 
automatic sanitary drinking fountains of today, while glolies, nni]i<, 
charts, and numerous other helpful devices may be added. 

An interior of the old log building with its l)are walls, puncheon 
floors, poor light and ventilation may be shown in contrast to the 



/ 




i 


8 ^3 



The little red school building was the successor of the log schoolhouse. 
Picture of the schoolhouse at Kyle, Indiana 

beautiful, well-lighted, heated and ventilated modern building, with 
its pictures, statuary, pilants, and many other attractive and useful 
features. 

The old ])rinier with its sim])le rhymes and crude pictures will 
find a ))la('e near the ])ictures cards, letter cards, number cards, care- 
fully planned charts, and other materials for the primary instruction 
of today. 

Text-books in all subjects may be obtained and a valuable ex- 
hibit made that will show the great improvement not only in suliject- 
matter, but in kiiul and character of books. The changes in ]iaper, 
pirint, illustrations and titles will be apparent. 

Modifications in ideas and methods of discijiline will be in evi- 
dence, where the ferule, emphasizing the "don't" side of discipline is 
in strange contrast to the modem basement jilay rooms, nuiterials for 
games, playground aiii)aratns, and gymnasiums. 

46 







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Tlie old stove, roasting the pupils seated near it and allowing 
those farther away to freeze, may be displayed ^^^th the modern heat- 
ing and ventilating plants meeting all the sanitaiy requirements of 
evenly distributed heat and i)ure air. 

The transportation wagon, a symbol of the consolidated school, 
can be shown. 

Schoolroom interiors of manual training and domestic science 
departments may l)e fashioned, and the ob.iects made in these depart- 
ments in the schools shown, while l)y jiictures or othei'wise com club 
contests, poultry and horse judging contests and other agricultural 
study may be represented. 

Pictures can be procured not only illustrative of many lines of de- 
velo))ment, but to show the individuals who have been most active, in 
times past and present, in shaping the affairs of the school. 

In collecting, selecting, and arranging these materials, no doubt. 
other schemes for showing the growth of the common schools in Tn- 
diaria will suggest themselves. 

( )f course the facts of school legislation, the accreditment of 
training schools for teachers, the classification of high schools, the 
origin and maintenance of young peojjle's and teachers' leading circles 
and countless other valuable educational movements in the State can- 
not be shown in any ob.jective way. 



41) 



s 







Collegiate Education in Indiana 



Wm. Lowe Bryan. 

I. Books. 

1. Books and other i)ublications giving contributions of In- 

diana college and university men of learning. 

2. Books and other imblieations giving contributions of In- 

diana college and university men to general literature. 

3. Books, bulletins, catalogues, etc., about the Indiana col- 

leges and universities. 

II. Charts. 

1. Charts showing the development of the curricula of 

studies in Indiana colleges and universities, including 
all jirofessional schools. The curi'iculum is the consti- 
tution of a college. 

2. Charts showing from what States and countries and from 

what educational institutions the members of the fac- 
ulties of Indiana colleges and universities have come. 
These will show from m hat sources our educational in- 
fluences have come at different periods of our educa- 
tional history. 

3. Charts and maps showing the distribution of our college 

and university alumni within the State and throughout 
the country and the world. These will show tlie range 
of influence in our educational institutions. 

4. Charts showing the occupations of alumni at different 

periods of our history. These will show the influence 
of oui' educational institutions upon economic and social 
life. 

5. Charts showing enrollment at different periods and the 

increasing ratio of college enrollment to population. 
Few social facts are more significant than this increas- 
ing ratio. 



51 



III. Pictures. 

1. Persons: Loan exhibit of portraits of eminent profess- 

ors, with large print cards giving brief biographies. 

2. Buildings : 

(a) Pictiires of early buildings. 

(b) Pictures of present buildings and interiors. 

3. Equipment : 

a and b as for buildings. 
In this connection also an exhil)it of apparatus. 




First Buildings of Asbury University, now DePauw 

IV. Lecttres. 

A series of lectures adequately illustrated by means of 
apparatus and pictures, ineludmg moving pictures, setting 
forth in an attractive way the most important advances in 
learning between 1816 and 1916. In most fields of learning 
the advances within that time have ])een of enormous impor- 
tance. They could be so presented as to be intensely interest- 
ing. Suppose, for example, an address showing b.y a few 
striking examples the state of our knowledge in physics in 
1816 and then illustrations of the three or four greatest dis- 
coveries since tliat time. It is true that an indefinitely large 
series of lectures could be made in tliis way, but also the right 
men could pick out a few typical things to say and to show. 
This series could be made one of the most attractive features 
of the entire celebration. 



53 



V. Sti'dent Activities. 

If it is thought best, the student aetivities can be shown 
in such a way as to add greatly to the entertainment features 
of the celebration. For example: 

1. College plays: Greek, Latin, French, German, Classic. 

English, Modern. 

2. Music, Operas, Choruses, Glee Clubs, etc. 
8. Athletic Games. 

4. Other Student Clubs and Organizations such as Y. M. C. A. 



54 



Music 



Edwaep B. Bikge. 



Indiana has kept abreast of her sister States in music during the 
100 years of lier history*-, the musical foundations laid in the early 
days having been followed by a remarkable development of choral 
and instrumental concerts and festivals, while the jjublic high schools 
and the elementary schools have made very notable progress along 
these lines during the last twentj'-five years. This rapidly increasing 
musical activity has not been confined to any cme section of Indiana, 
but is State wide, as is evidenced by the numerous annual music 
festivals held in widely separated districts of the commonwealth. 



■^ ,tnp Espressivo. 




*< ^ •« ^- 



^~ '^~T-^'^ - p^=^i==f 



> — "■ 



Oh, the moon-light's fair to - night a - long the Wa 



bash, 




"On the Banks of the Wabash Far Away." by Paul Dressier 

The proposed centennial celebration of 1916 should recognize to 
the fullest extent and in as striking a way as possible each of the 
broad lines of musical activity already mentioned. The most obvious 
way of doing this would be to organize a great music fest to occupy 
several days. This festival should bring together in fullest coopera- 
tion the leaders in music, the singers and instrumentalists of the State. 

There should be an impressively grand choral concert, combinmg 
the best singers (to the number of about 1,000) of all the music festi- 
val societies of the State, and also an orchestral and artist concert of 
equal significance along the same cooperative and reiiresentative lines. 
One entire concert should be devoted to public school music. 

There should also be given opportunity for an address dealing 
with the history of music in the State of Indiana during the last one 
hundred veais. 



.=55 



A.s the great luiderlying purpose of the centenuial is au educa- 
tional awakening throughout the State as to our ])Ower to do things 
now and also in the future, no time should be lost in so shaping the 
musical aflairs in the different sections of the State that from now on 
nil nnisical activities will be a forecast of the ciibninating events of 
the year i;)l(.i. 

The first ste]) toward this end should be a i)reliuiinary camjiaign 
of education in every district as to the purposes and aims of the cen- 
tennial and ;ni lu-gent invitation should be given everv district to 




The Noblesville Band. 1850. Led by R. L. Carlin. still living and active at 81 

cultivate its musical activities to the utmost with the idea of having 
representation in the final celebration. As a result of this prelimi- 
nary campaign musical festivals should s))ring uj) in districts where 
heretofore such festivals have not \m'u held, and the artistic stand- 
ards of the existing festivals should by the same means be greatly 
raised. 

As the time of the centennial year begins to draw nearer (some 
time during the year 1914), plans should be made to have the centen- 
nial music the chief object of musical interest during the year pre- 
ceding the centennial, and the music should be studied and produced 
on as large a scale as possible by the musical forces of each district. 



S6 



Finally, after this preliminary waking up, each accredited body 
of singers and iusti'unientali.sts should be invited to send representa- 
tives to take i)art in the final cnlniinatiug event. 

To this great musical fest should be invited the famous singers 
and other prominent musicians who are native Hoosiers, but who are 
living in other parts of the country. 

To sum up, we should — 

First, have an educational campaigni to awaken interest and 
arouse ambition. 

Second, have all musical activities henceforth contributory to the 
centennial idea. 

Third, have the centennial music studied and performed by all 
the various musical bodies of the State. 

Fourth, a great representative body of musicians from all parts 
of the State perform the centennial ])rogram. 



Art 



FREnEEic Allen Whiting. 



Tf tlie history of art and its relations to the development of the 
industries of the State, as well as to its general culture, is to be ade- 
quately represented at the coming centennial celebration no time 
sliould be lost in completing the preliminary plans. The proposed State 
Museum would seem to furnish the natural housing for such aii exhi- 
bition, and it should be definitely ]ilanned for this end, and the ex- 




The Herron Art Institute, Indianapolis 

hibits gatliered foi' the purjiose of installing a })ernuu!ent chrono- 
logical exhibit. Such an exhibit should include examples which would 
show the range of work produced by each of the painters, sculptors 
and other artists who have, since its settlement, done their i»art in 
giving the State a very definite heritage and tradition in art matters. 
These works of art should be so arranged as to show the develoji- 
ment of art in the State, and should fonu part of the permanent col- 
lection of tlie museum. If for the time of the centennial celebration 
other exhibits overcrowded the new museum I am sure that the Art 
Association of Indianapolis, Indiana, can be counted u]ion for th" 



58 



lieartiest cooperation. In sneli an event the chronological exhibit of 
paintings, etc., might well be temporarily installed at the John Her 
ron Art Institute. 

Such an art exhibit should be based on a thorough study of the 
liistory of the State, and include examples of the handicraft of the red 
men who inhal)ited the territory formeiiy. For example, many tine 
pieces of "Stone Age" craftsmanship have been found within the 
l^resent borders of the State. 

It would be well to have the preiiaration of these art exhibits 
considered in relation to the industries current at the time of their 




Exhibition of Art Work in Richmond 

production and to show the part which art has always played in the 
development of industries; to show also the evolution of such present 
industries as the autonu)l)ile, from the bicycle, buggy, etc. 

The building should, of course, be of appropriate character, dig- 
nified and monumental, and built so far as possible of material pro- 
cured within the State and by our best artisans. It should represent 
in itself a monument of the best building our own people can jjroduce 
after 100 years of statehood guided by the Hoosier spirit. 

In the building should be some central rotunda or other imi)ortant 
architectural feature which might well be enriched with mural deco- 



59 




■a 

3 



< 
o 






rations by our best local painters. Sucb men as Steele, Forsyth, Bundy, 
Stark, Adams and ^Hieeler, for instance, would undoubtedly enter 
with enthusiasm into the spirit of such an undertaking, putting their 
best effort into the work, which could be done in such a way as to cost 
a very small amount, while adding a local and appropriate beauty to 
the building. 

I would also suggest that arrangements be made with some able 
artist, as Mr. George Grey Barnard, one of the most virile and original 
of American sculptors (and having intimate associations with Indiana 
through the fact that his mother and father are residents of Madison 
and his sister of Indianapolis), to produce for some a))propriate set- 
ting at the entrance of the building or within it, a splendid figure or 
gi'oup to rei)resent, in durable stone or marble, his interpretation of 
that Hoosier spirit which has given the State its high position and 
envial)le reputation. Anotliei- artist who might well lie asked to take 
part in the enri<'hment of the building is Miss Janet Scudder, a sculp- 
tor of splendid achievement, who was horn and reared iu Terre Haute. 
Indiana. 

These arc only tentative suggestions. It is a long task for an able 
committee to work out the details so that when the building is ready 
there will be assembled for installation an exhibit which shall visibly 
and adequately represent to the people of today the past which has 
aloue made the advantages of the present possible. 



ci 



Outline for An Exhibit of Technical 

Education 



WiNTHKop E. Stone. 

Indiana's achievements in technical educatimi will constitute an. 
interesting and attractive feature of its centennial celebration, particu- 
larly in connection with the historical and educational exliibits of the 
State's industrial develoianent. 

Indiana ranks nintli among the States of the Union in manufae 
turing and its institutions for technical education stand among the 
first in their efficiency. While this phase of education did not exist 
in the earliest days of the State and its development has come \yh.olly 
in the last fifty years, it has become an important factor in the State's 
progress and would from its very nature claim a large share in any 
historical summing up of Indiana's develo})nient. 

For the pui^^oses of the contemplated exhibit, this sul)ject would 
be presented under the following heads : 

(a) Exhibits of illustrative material such as photographs, 
charts, etc., depicting the buildings, laboratories and classes of the 
institutions engaged in this field. 

(b) Exliibits of apparatus, models, machines, drawings, and 
]>roducts used in connection with oi- resulting from technical instruc- 
tion. 

(c) Exliibits showing actual operations in the laboratories, 
shops, and classrooms of technical schools. 

(d) Exhibits of the literature of technical education, text-books, 
manuals, and publications representing the contrilnitions of teachers 
and investigators in the held of technology. 

The State has within its borders two i)i'ominent institutions de- 
voted to technical education, viz., Purdue University and Rose Poly- 
technic Institute. Besides these, other higher institutions would con 
tribute from some deiiartments related to technology. The leading 
manual training schools at Indiana] )ol is, Richmond, Fort Wayne, 
Evansville, and elsewhere would show what is being done in second 
ary education in this field. Doubtless also some of our manufacturing 
plants could contribute exhibits illustrating their plans for teaching 
employes for special industrial operations. The Y. M. C. A. classes 
and night schools would also l»e expected to furnish some material of 
this kind. 

C3 



The whole exliibit of technical education might be classified under 
the following groups, in each of which there would be an abundance 
of material of jjopular and educational interest: 

1. Exhil)its illustrating teclmological education in its stricter 
sense. 

a. Instruction in shop practice, including pattern making, mold 
ing. and casting, forging and macliine s]iO]i practice. 

b. Instniction in mechanical drawing and descriptive geometry 

c. Tnstniction in civil engineering, including surveying, railway 
location, municipal engineering (including water supply, sewage dis 
l)Osal, etc.), masonry and frame stmctures, bridge design, materials 
testing, hydraulics, road-building, etc. 

d. Instruction in mechanical engineering, including uuichine de- 
sign, generation and ti'ansmission of power, steam engineering, rail- 
way mechanical engineering, gas engineering, heating and ventilation. 

('. Instruction in electrical engineering, including engineering 
design, generation and transmission of electrical power, electrical 
measurements, electrical railway, telephone, and illuminating engi- 
neering. 

/. Instruction in chemical engineering, including technical and 
manufacturing chemistry, synthetic and analytic manufacturing proc- 
esses, electro-chemistiy, metallurgy-, etc. 

g. Instruction in the sciences fimdamental to engineering and 
technology, viz., chemistry, physics, biology-, mathematics, etc. 

2. Exhibits illustrating industrial training, instruction in trade 
schools, special schools, etc. 

(I. Special methods, j^rocesses, and classes in connection with any 
given industry. 

h. Y. M. C. A. and night classes. 

3. Instruction in connection mth transportation. Devices and 
methods for instruction in railway' operations, signaling, air brake, 
mechanism, etc. 

Teclmical ediication more than any other lends itself to exhibition 
methods on account of dealing with tangible things, materials, iirod- 
ncts. and lU'ocesses and this department of the State's centennial ex- 
hibit will, it is believed, be of more than usual interest. An important 
feature would be the actual operations of laboratories with students 
and instructors in attendance, testing machinery, conducting experi- 
ments, making di-a wings, and blueprints, using instruments of yireci- 
sion, etc., etc., in almost unlimited variety. 



65 



^VLi9m^ 




Gr. I. Christie. 



[ndiana agriculture should occupy a prominent ijlace in the cen 
tennial celebration exercises of 1916. While this industiy has been 
the basis of the progress and the prosperity of Indiana from the begin 
ning. it is found that agriculture is being recognized more and more 
by all classes of people. A few of the factors which have brought this 
condition about are: 



1. 
2. 

o 
o. 

4. 

crops. 

5. 

6. 



The rapidly increasing value of land. 

The extremely high cost of food stutfs. 

The movement of young peo])le from the countiy to the city. 

Soil robbing and other wasteful practices resulting in reduced 

New ideals in education and revised courses for rural schools. 
The discovery and ])opularizing of facts which mean better 
and larger crops and a more economical use of same. 

In the presentation of the subject, attention should be given to 
the historical, experimental and educational phases of the work. By 
means of graphic illustrations, moving ]nctures, lectures and demon- 
strations, everyone, both young and old, should be made to realize the 
magnitude of agriculture and its development from the earliest days 
to the present and the future possibilities. 



67 




What Indiana might do in Apple Production 

—A. 'W. Brayton, Jr., and A. W Lockhart 



Soil. — A graphic presentation of the condition of the land of In- 
diana at the different stages of development during the centuiy; a 
comparison of the implements used in tilling the soil, seeding the 
various crops, harvesting and threshing; common methods practiced 
in depleting soil fertility compared with more modem scientific soil 
management. 

Crops. — A presentation of the extent and variety of crops grown 
in tlie early days and methods of handling and utilizing the same, com- 
l)ared with those of one-hundred years later. 

Lift' Stock. — This branch furnishes most interesting and \-aluable 
material for exhibits and demonstrations. Kinds of live stock, meth- 
ods of rearing and feeding, marketing and utilization in the early 
days, compared with the changed conditions of the present. 

Dairying. — With the increase in population has come an increased 
demand for dairy products and corresponding changes in the methods 
employed one-hundred years ago with those of today and a presenta- 
tion of the various steps taken in the develo])ment. 

Horticulture. — Fruit growing has occupied an important i)lace in 
Indiana agriculture from the first. The extent and development of 
the fruit belt, varieties, cultivation, methods employed in production, 
marketing, etc. 

Educational Agencies. — In the early days of Indiana agriculture, 
fanners gained their information largely from the field of hard, and 
many times, costly experience. Today, they are given an opportunity 
to leani and benefit by the experience of others and to gain informa 
tion from scientific research. To portray the steps of developmcTit 
along these lines will be of great interest and value. 

The State School of Agricidture. — A presentation of the work al; 
different stages in its develo])ment and the methods emploj^ed in in- 
struction. 

The State E.rperiinent Station. — A display of the work of this 
institution covering twenty-five years ; the results of many discoveries 
relating to farm problems and the extensive system employed to reach 
and assist all farmers. 

Tlie Extension Department. — Demonstrations in the use of the 
educational train; the farmers' moval)le school; the farmers' insti- 
tute; contests; the county and State fair exhibits and other methods 
employed now as compared with the old methods of projecting infor- 
mation or reaching the fanner in his home. 

The Rural School. — The development of the course of study and 
the place agriculture occupies in the rural school instiniction, compared 
with that of the early days. 




Giant White Oak. A lone monarch of Indiana's primeval forests 



Forestry 



Stanley rntTi^TER. 



In any oliservation of tlie admission of Indiana to the Union, 
forestry should have an ade<|uate representation. The relation of 
forestry to progress of the State lias ))een and is so evident as to need 
no argument. There should be exhibited in an edneative and striking 
way — 

First. What we originally had. 
Second. What we now have. 
Third. What we might have. 

Witliout going into speeifie details, under the first head should he 
shown maps showing the distribution of the original forests of the 
State, tlie density of the stand, oom]iosi1ion of the stand, size of indi- 
vidual trees, etc. 

The progressive clearing of the hind for agricultural purposes. 
This would make a desirable series representing the condition of the 
forests by decades. 

The distribution of this material including the log house, the rail 
fence, log roll, the rise and fall of wood-working industries. 

A collection of tlie important economic woods of the State to- 
gether with photographs of the typical species. "Cut" of Indiana 
forests for successive decades. 

Under the second head there slunild be shown maps giving- the 
distribution of the present forests, the density and comjiosition of 
the stand, the average size of the individual trees. 

The distinction between wood lots and wood ]>astures should be 
demonstrated with a series of illustrations representing good and bad 
conditions. The higliway and street trees should also be presented in 
this connection showing tlieir scantness in number, their poor selection, 
their defective spacing, lack of jirotection, liad treatment, etc. 

Under the third liead methods for reenforcing existing stands, 
the formation of new plantations, cleanings and thinnings, protection 
against fire, insects, fungous diseases, etc., selection of species for 
reenforcing, for forming new forests and for streets and highways. 



n 



This, in a very broad statement, indicates what the purpose should 
be. Details could be extended almost indefinitely and we are convinced 
that a definite treatment under the three main heads indicated at tirst 
would be not only highly attractive but also of educational value. 




A Rocky Mountain Forest. Rugged and beautiful, but monotonous in the sameness of the trees. 

Compare this with 




An Indiana \A^oods. Note the variety of 
foliage and charming artistic beauty 



72 



Public Health 

J. N. HUETY. 



To help forward the public health cause the Indiana Ceutemiial 
Celebration would offer many excellent opjiortunities. That the pub- 
lic health needs to be bettered appears when we remember our sick 
rate is at least 50 per cent, higiier than it should be, and lowers the 
public efficiency to an equal degree. 

To this subnonual efficiency, due to preventable sickness, may in 
great degree be ascribed the reason why tliat in tbe last fifty years 
there has not been an increase in the acreage yield of our farming 
lands. Much sickness is not conducive to ]n-(Mluctiveness. 

HEALTH EXHIBITS. 

In the centennial celebration, public health exhibits could l)e made 
which would exercise a powerful influence for strengthening of the 
people. By succinct and lucid tables, by gra]ihic charts, drawings and 
pictures, could be shown the present birth, death and sickness rates, 
and by comjjarison with the normal rates or rates of other peoples, we 
could be made to apj)reciate our position and thus excite efforts for 
bettennent. An exhibit could be arranged to illustrate plainly what 
the science of hygiene actually is and what it can do to increase 
strength, wealth and ha])piness. Miinsterburg has said "hygiene can 
prevent more crime than any law," and this certainly being true, the 
people would learn from the hygiene exhibit that sole reliance should 
not rest upon the law and the courts to pi'event crime. They would 
also learn that "health is wealth" and also the greatest source of 
happiness. 

Prei-entable Diseases, from whence they come and how they may 
be pi-evented, would occupy a good proportion of the exhibit. The im- 
portance of i)reventing preventable diseases appears when it is known 
that they kill 1,000 persons monthly in Indiana and cause 10,000 cases 
of sickness. The annual cost to the people of the State is fully 
$15,000,000. Even the juost uninformed could imagine an exhibit 
showing the loss in money, lives and strength, from dijihtheria an- 
nually. This would be followed by charts, diagrams, pictures and 
mottoes clearly illustratiug from whence the terror comes and how it 
can be ]irevented. The same could be done with scarlet fever, ty]ihoid 

7.3 



fever, infantile jiaralysis, pneumonia, ('(iiisuiuptidn ami the wliolc list 
of preventable diseases. 

PuKER Streams. — The streams are not for the imrpose of being 
made into sewers. They are intended to cany health, Ijeanty and re- 
freshment throughout tlic land, in many instances the peojjle of In- 
diana seem to have believed streams were made to be polluted. It is 
highly essential to our future welfare that the streams slu)ulil be kept 
pure and reclaimed where they have been abused. 

It would be imjiortant, therefore, to exhibit majis of tlie streams 
and water sources of the State, sliow charts of surveys of the same. 



:-.-' ■■'■ ^ , " ■''■^;9 




Indiana Tuberculosis Hospital, Rockville 

give their sanitary condition, give analyses and statistics as to sewage 
and industrial wastes cast into them. 

Also, to sliow by photograjjlis tlie l)eauty and material wealth of 
pure streams and the ugliness and hann done by pollution. 

Such an exhibit could not fail to pay its costs many times in 
wholesome and much needed lessons to us all. The sanitary surveys 
already made by the State Board of Health of the west fork of White 
River, of the Wabash River, and of the Ohio River, would, if ))ublicly 
presented in exhibit as above set forth, be of inestimable value to our 
State. 

Hygiene of Municipalities. — Indiana, municipalities need to learn 
much more of the jn'ofits to be derived from hygiene. An exliibit of 



74 



hygienic and unhygienic conditions of cities and toTvns would be most 
profitable and calculated to arouse interest in good munici])al house- 
keeping. To have our municipal hygienic faults, which i-esnlt in great 
losses, made clear to us, could not help but start us on the way to 
health betterment in cities and towns. 

To make an exhibit at once instructive and stimulating, tables of 
statistics of the death and sick rates of cities could be prepared; these 




Sanitary survey should be made of many beautiful 

Indiana streams for the purpose of protecting 

and keeping them pure, as a source of 

water supply for the people 



figures could be made i)lain by diagrammatic and graphic charts; 
photographs of good and bad conditions would be placed side by side 
for their contrast etfect, illustrations and descriptions of sewers and 
sewage disposal with cost and statistics of efificiency, also full informa 
tion of water supplies and water works coixld be presented. Paving, 
parks, public playgrounds and all municipal undertakings for the 
betterment of living could be illustrated and otherwise exliibited. 



School Hygiene. — There is no more important governmental 
matter needing attention than school hygiene. Raise the children in 
physical health and the matter of intellectual and moral development 
will in large degree be solved. Realizing this fact our State has 
enacted school hygiene laws and imder them within two years, new 
sanitary school houses exceeding three and a half million dollars in 
value have been built. This great advance in the care of our children 
could be illustrated most advantageously in a centennial exhibit. 

A school hygiene exhibit would consist of models and pictures of 
sanitary school houses; models and illustrations of ventilation and 
warming methods ; plans and pictures of sewage disposal, of water 
supiilies, of sanitary drinking fountains, of sanitary clothes lockers, 
of sanitary furniture and adjustable desks, of baths, jilaygrounds and 
of sanitary methods of sweeping and cleaning. 

Lectures and Pamphlets. — Facilities for giving illustrated lec- 
tures, would, of course, be provided. These lectures would cover all 
phases of hygiene and teaching of public liealth and preventive medi- 
cine. Such lectures, illustrated with still slides and moviug pictures 
would not only instruct bi:t would also greatly entertain all \'isitors. 
The celebration and the exhibits would fui-nish excellent opportimities 
to disti-ibute health ))am))hlets to visitors and thus further spread the 
gospel of good health. 

Finally. — 1 am heartily and enthusiastically in favor of having 
a ceuteiunal celebration. It could not fail of instructing the people 
in ways patriotic and material, in arousing a deeper patriotism and 
furthering a higher citizenship, in supplying a wholesome and needed 
public entertainment and establish a moniunent marking progress and 
achievements in the first hundred years of our State's existence. 



7(5 




Outline for Proposed Athletic Events 



T. F. MoRAN AND Hugh Nicol. 



lu connection with the various historical and educational exhibits 
with which it is proposed to celebrate the one-hundredth anniversary 
of the admission of the State of Indiana to the Union, it will be im- 
portant to present the development of those legitimate means of rec- 
reation and amusement wliich have found favor with the people of 
the State. Prominent among these will be athletic sports and contests. 

While the development of athletics in the modern sense is eoinci 
dent with the last decades of the centuiy, it must not be overlooked 
that the early pioneers and settlers had many luiique and interesting 
foiins of athletic sports. To revive these and present them at the 
celebration will be of more than usual interest to our citizens. The 
implements of sjiort, the games themselves, and all that will bring to 
the minds of our present daj- citizens these old-time sports and con- 
tests will be both recreative and educational as well as having impor- 
tant historical bearing. Tt is proposed, therefore, to secure all possible 
information as to these old-time games and provide ways and means 
for their actual projection before the spectators at the time of the cele- 
bration. 

Another phase of the same subject will be to an-ange for a series 
of athletic exhibits and contests exemplifying the most modern de- 
velopment in this field and in which Indiana men and institntions have 
achieved no small reputation. 



77 



There sliould l)e, perliaps, some attention given to ])rofessiouaI 
sport as the development in professional baseball games, bnt for the 
most part these contests sliould be in accordance with amntenr stand- 
ards and rules. 

We should have a variety of classes, in some of which the higher 
institutions of learning would i>articipate, in others the secondary 
schools, in others organizations and institutions such as the Young- 
Men's Christian Associations, in others amateur clubs and teams rep- 
resenting communities or organizations such as the Tnrnverein, ath- 
letic clubs, etc. 




Public Play Ground, Recreation Department, Indianapolis Health Board 



Wiile to the student these exhibits would present iiiucli of intei-- 
est, at the same time, tliey would serve for those recreational features 
which fonu so imjiortant a ]iart of any public exposition. 

These games might extend over a considerable portion of the sum- 
mer season or a week oi- two might be set aside during which time 
these would fonn distinctive features of the celebration. Following 
is an outline of athletic contests which are suggested. Some of these 
contests to be restricted to certain classes of athletes, others to be open 
to all. In connection with these games prominent "old athletes" who 
have achieved fame in the athletic world, might be called upon to act 
iis officials and thus bi'ing an added interest to the assemblage. 



1. state "Olympic" meet for high school athletes, with teams 
organized by eoimties. 

2. State baseball tournament for high school teams. 

3. Track and field meet for colleges and universities. 

4. College baseball tournament. 

5. Open meet for all amateurs. 

6. Gymnastic meet for colleges. 

7. Open gymnastic meet, turners, etc. 

8. Open obstacle race. 

9. Cross country race, open to all amateurs. 

10. Water sports — if possible. 

11. Wrestling for college teams. 

12. Wrestling open to amateurs. 

13. Tug of war — colleges vs. athletic clubs. 

14. Bulldog tug. 

15. Open tennis tournament. 

16. Fencing contests. 



so 



Civic Co-ordination and Park Development 



Henry Jameson. 



Tlie last decade has seen a tremendous impulse toward the Ijettei 
arrangement of cities. Prior to that time, outside a few of the great 
Eastern cities, little or nothing- had been accomplished in the way of 
bringing into systematic relationship those physical features of a city 
that are now recognized as constituting the inseparable parts of a 
city's ])ark system, using that term in the broad sense that includes 
civac centers and all other nuclei of coimnunity activity. By this is 
meant such things as the great avenues and highways of a city, its 
parks, open spaces and playgrounds, and the streams and bodies of 
water lying in and contiguous to it. 

There is now an awakening in all of the larger cities to the vital 
iini)ortance of what we term park development, and under this par- 
ticular head comes, as suggested before, that part of a city's Iniilding 
which pertains to its better arrangement and coordination, and not 
merely to the acquisition of parks. 

From an economic standpoint, there has heretofore been in our 
American cities tremendous waste of energy on account of the lack of 
facilities for direct and convenient intercourse and traffic l)etween the 
various sections of a city that must be reached in the daily life of the 
))eople. 

This spirit of better growth should receive prominent attention 
at the forthcoming histoi'icnl and educational celebration of the 
State's centennial. The movement for better parks and jilaygromids^ 
coujiled with the consei-\'ation of streams and water fronts in our cities, 
should be given the im])u]se and stimulation essential to its further 
develoijment l)y liriuging it clearly and emi)hatically before the great- 
est possible iiumbei- of ])('o]ile. This, it would seem, might be accom- 
plished in many ways at an educational exhibition of this chai'acter. 

One of the methods which might be most etfet'tive in showing the 
progress toward city jalanning in Indiana would be an exhibition of 
photographs or pictures illustrating the contrast lietween conditions 
before imju'ovement took ])lace, and after changes were made undei" 
the direction of competent landscape aivhitects and engineers. In- 
asmuch as no great conununity work may be carried forward without 
the knowledge and intelligent cooperation of the great majority of 
taxpayers, the various things to be accom]>lished by better ])lnnning, 

SI 




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and by tlie establishment of playgrounds and parks and piotecteil 
streams, sliould be as lucidly set forth as possible. To this end, there 
should be relief majis on a large scale, illustrating not only the 
fpsthetic, but the economic effects, in a physical way, of such develop- 
ment. 

To stimulate a widespread interest, that would l)e fai'-reaching in 
its effect, competitive prizes might be ott'ered to the various cities of 
the different classes for the best plans offered for civic development. 
l^lavgTonnds, parks and stream conservation. This should not only 




Old ^A^ooden Bridge, common in the earlier history of the State 

create a healthful ri\'alry, but .should go far to bring aliout an awaken 
ing of the people of the various cities to the fact that such intelligent 
and systematic develojmient is just as essential and possible in the 
smaller as in the larger cities. 

In connection with such an exhibition, there might he shown 
models of the various playgi'ound developments, with demonstratioii- 
of what may be done in playground instnictioji. This would be an ex- 
tremely essential feature, as showing the educational character and 
^•alue of a complete scheme of park development. 

At frequent intervals during the period of the exhibition, ilhn- 
trated lectures might Ite given liy men pi'ominent in tliis field of human 



83 



endeavor. Tliese sliould touch all the various phases of the work — its 
effect ui>on the citizens and its absolute necessity, not only from an 
economic, but also from an .Tsthetic i^oint of view, helping the masses 
to recognize the intrinsic value of the things in our everyday life that 
are fine and beautiful, and wliicli arc more essential to tlie humbler 
citizen than they are to his wealthy and more prominent neighbor. 




New Bridge, of Indiana stone and concrete, not only artistic but built to stand until the 
next centennial celebration in 2016 

There are so many different avenues and channels through which, 
by an exhihitiou of this character, the peojjle could be stimulated and 
brought to realize the necessity of better envii'onment, particularly 
in our cities, tliat it could be made one of the most important features 
of such a splendid enterj^rise as is proposed for our centennial cele- 
bration. Finally, emphasis should be laid on the fact that the factor 
of quality sliould come to l)e the great essential in our city growth and 
should dominate the spirit of progress hereafter, rather than, as has 
too often been the case heretofoi-e, the idea of (|uantity. 



84 




Showing conditions before treatment by a City Hark Board 




Same locality as preceding, after clearing of "dumps" and park development 




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Charities and Correction 



Amos W. Butlek. 



ilow many know tlie extent of Indiana's public cliaritahlc and 
eorrectioual agencies? In the year 1910-11 the State and its subdivi- 
sions ex))ended through all tlieir official charities, including the ex- 
pense of truants, $8,fiSl,279.27. The number of ])ersons cared for or 
aided was 8H,871. 




The Early Type of Indiana Jail 

Put)lic responsil)ilit\' for tlic ])oor and needy was first recognized 
in Indiana l)y the territorial law of 17!K), which provided for relief 
of the i>oor by township overseers and justices of the peace. This was 
modified Ity the act of 1795, wliich provided also for the establishment 
of woi'khouses for such poor persons as were able to lal)or. These 
laws were the beginning of oui' system of outdoor poor relief. In 
1852 the townshi]! tnistees were made ex-officio overseers of the ]ioor. 

87 



In 1895 was the beginning of State snpei-\-ision. That year the town- 
ship overseers of tlie poor spent $630,168.79 for relief. In 1911 the 
expenditures for tlie same jjurjiose were $271,078.64. The average 
expenditure from 1907 to 1911. inchisive, was $259,912.41 per year. 
State sujiervision had brouglit about an average annual reduction 
of $348,893 below the i^oor relief of 1895. In 1897 there were 82,235 
persons aided from public funds; in 1911, 42,993. 

The first law regarding dependent children was passed in 1795. 
This and one ])assed in 1821 lu-ovidcd foi- binding out such children. 
In 1895 authority was given boards of county conunissioners to sub- 
sidize private orphanages and in 1881 they were authorized to es- 
tablish orjihan asylums. In 1889 boards of children's guardians were 
created and further extended in 1901. By the law of 1897 dependent 
children were made wards of the State and placed under State super- 
vision. At the present time there are in effect and active operation 
laws prohibiting the retention of children between the ages of three 
and seventeen in comity poor asylums longer than sixty days (1897 
and 1901 ) ; regiilating the importation of dependent children from 
other States (1899); requiring the approval of the Boai'd of State 
Charities before any child-caring institution or association can be 
incorporated (1903); providing for the punishment of parents or 
guardians who wilfully neglect their children or allow them to become 
dependent (1907) ; making the juvenile court the only agency through 
which a child can become a public ward (1907) ; and lastly, the annual 
licensing of all child-caring agencies, public and private, including 
maternity hospitals, by the Board of State Charities (1909). 

In 1821 was the first attempt to provide a poor asykmi as author- 
ized in 1816. The first county asylum was established in Knox 
County. 

The first State institution was the Indiana State School for the 
Deaf, founded in 1844. Next came the State School for the Blind, 
1847; then the Central Hospital for the Insane, 1848; the Soldiers' 
and Sailors' Or])hans' Home, 1867; the School for Feeble-Minded 
Touth, 1879; the Northern Hospital for Insane, 1888; the Eastern 
and Southern Hospitals for the Insane, 1890; the State Soldiers' 
Home, 1896; the Village for Epileptics, 1907; the Southeastern Hos- 
pital for Insane, 1910; the Hospital for the Treatment of Tuberculosis, 
1911. 

In hei' i)enal and correcticmal institutions Indiana has made 
progress, though the greater part of it has been brought about since 
1897. In the early days the guardhouses in the forts were used as 



89 




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places of deteation. In 1792 the Legislature directed the establish- 
ment of jails, pillories, stocks and whii>i)ins>- ])osts, all to be under the 
charge of the sherilTs in the different counties. With two exceptions, 
each county in the State has a jail. The other forms of punishment 
were abandoned years ago. The first State jirison was established 
at .Teffersonville in 1821 ; the oue at Michigan City in 1860. In 1868 
the House of Refuge, now the Indiana Boys' School, was opened at 
Plainfield; in 1873, the Indiana Reformatory Institution for Women 
and Girls, at Indianai)olis. In 1907 the last named institution was 
divided. The girls were transferred to new quai-ters at Clermont, 
called the Indiana Girls' School; the old inistitution was called the 
Woman 's Prison, and in 1907 there was added to it a correctional de- 
partment for convicted women who would otliei-wise have had to serve 
their sentences in the county jails. Both the Woman's Prison and 
the Girls' School are managed solely by women. In 1897 the prison 
at Jeifersonville became the Indiaua Reformatory, that at Michigan 
City tlie Indiana State Prison. 

There are now seventeen State charitable and correctional insti- 
tutions. On September 30, 1912, they had 12,448 inmates enrolled and 
an actual population of 11,410. For the fiscal year 1911-12, they cost 
the State $2,463,032.53. This was 40.7 per cent, of the State expendi- 
ture for all puqjoses, which amounted to $6,048,127.07. Measured 
by the good they do for vmfortunate hmuanity and for the protection 
of society, and by their expense, they are the State's most important 
agencies, possibly excepting its schools. 

It is nearly one hundred years since our forefathers decreed that 
the penal code of Indiana should be founded upon the principle of 
reformation and not of vindictive justice but it is only recently that 
we have interpreted this into law. The keynote of recent legislation 
has lieen prevention and reformation rather than punishment. Briefly 
it includes the indeterminate sentence and parole law of 1897; the jail 
matron law of 1901; juvenile court law of 1903; contributory delin- 
quency law of 1905; adult probation and sterilization laws of 1907; 
county jail supervision law of 1909. 

All these charitable and correctional agencies are mider the su- 
pervision of the Board of State Charities, created by the Legislature 
of 1889. Its purpose is the supervision of the whole system of public 
charities of the State ; its duty, to see that every inmate of every pub- 
lic institution receives proper care; that the public fimds are properly 
expended; that the institutions are properly conducted and their 
management protected from unjust criticism. 



92 




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A very interesting and conipi'eliensive exhibit could be made of 
file charities or ]5hihanthropie activities of Indiana. This would il- 
lusti'ate the beginning and history, showing the development and ex- 
])ansion of all the charitable and correctional activities. It would 
include charts, laws, statistics, general information, concerning all 
])hases of i)ublic charities, from the overseer of the poor and the first 
county jail to the most recent methods of the treatment of i)auperism. 
the institutions for the care of the insane and feeble-minded, the 
modern conception of a State jirison and reformatory. In all this 
work Fndiann has had a conspicuous place and the ])eople of the State 
can ])oint with i;ride to the evolution of its institutions, to what has 
been accomi)lished and to the position they now hold. These exliibits 
could also include all forms of private or voluntaiy charitable activity, 
such as the work of hospitals, orphan asylmns, homes for the aged, 
associated charities, children's aid societies. It would also include 
all forms of ]n'eventive work, including the work of the Red Cross, 
anti-tuberculosis, fresh air and pure milk campaigns, the jn'oblems of 
housing, child labor and playgrounds. All these agencies could be il- 
lusti-ated by photogra])hs of buildings, grounds, equipment, occupa- 
tion, recreation and amusements. There could further be an exhibit 
of the plan and scope of the work of each institution, together with 
coj^ies of blanks and forms used. There could also be a large exhibit 
showing the result of the activities of the institutions and agencies, 
the work in the schools, the ]iroduct of the shops, the outiuit of the 
uianufactories and all lueans and aiijiliances used in the education, 
treatment, training, employment and diversions of both State and 
private institutions. In addition to this there could be a library made 
up of the reports and publications of the different institutions and or- 
ganizations, and also a selected library of standard works on each 
subject illustrated bv the exhibit. 



k)i 



Suggestions for the Display of Indiana Min- 
erals, Fossils, Quarries, Mines, Etc, 
at the 1916 Celebration 



Davtk Worth Dennis. 



Stonk (|)uaeries. — Every species of stone (|u;u-rie(l in tiie State 
should be represented in the exhiliit by one unfiuished hirge l)loelv, and 
specimens oi" every tint or quality which the (piarry offers for sale. 
Finished material of whatever sort should also l)e exhibited: foun- 
tains, eohnnus, ca]iitals, etc. Laluds on cards hirne enough to be easily 




An Indiana Quarry. The stone of Indiana quarries is more generally used throughout the 

United States in the erection of public buildings and other large 

structures, than that of any other State 

read from the aisk's should accompany each and every exhibit. These 
should give the commercial name, the chemical analysis if available, 
the mineralogical name, the geological formation and locality of each 
exhibit. A map of Indiana locating Indianajiolis and the line or lines 
by which shipment of the stone may be made to various parts should 
be added. A large geological map of the State, unencumbered by un- 
essential details, should go with the entire exhibit. Photographs 
should accompany the exhibil showing the mode of i|uarryiug and 

05 



handling the stone, nntil it is on the oars ready for shipment. Photo 
graphs of exposed bhrffs of the stone will show its weatliering ijuali- 
ties. In the ease of bnilding stone, photographs of the tinislied l)iiild 
ings should accompany the exhibits, together with the date of l)uild- 
ing the same. 

Our most valuable building stone <|uarries are in the subcarbon- 
iferous limestone; striking geological and mineralogioal phenomena 
accompany this linu^stone everywhere. 




Skeleton of a Mastodon, Earlham College Museum 



1. Caves. — Wyandotte, Marengo and other caves sIk 
fully illustrated with photographs. The largest stalactitic co 
the world is in Wyandotte Cave, TOO feet in circmnference ; 
feet high, on its lower side; the formation was able to grow a 
160 years. The label should ask liow old is the cave? Marengo, 
smaller, is more beautiful. 

2. Sink holes are cave accompaniments. Thousands of t 
cur in southern Indiana. Some of these arc dry, others are I 
ponds. These should be photographed. 

?>. Lost River is the best key to the origin of caves, 
graph it. 



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4. The Scenic. — The Shades of Death, Devil's Den, Turkey Run, 
Rocky Hollow, Potroek Hollow, The Narrows of Sugar Creek, etc., be- 
tween Bloomingdale and Crawfordsville, are extraordinary examples 
of erosion and should be photographed. They belong to the sub- 
carboniferous gi'oup. Some of the cave mouths are very striking and 
beautiful as well as instructive. 

Oil Fields. — These should be represented by crade and refined 
products, maps, statistics, etc. 

Natural Gas. — This should have liistoi'ic notice in the mineralog- 
ical sections. 





A Charming Ravine at "The Shades" 



One of the Bluffs in the Gorge at "The Shades' 



Mineeal Springs. — These are susceptible of notice by samples of 
water and mineral deposits, etc. Photogi-aphs of resorts. Lodi 
springs have considerable sulphur deposits. 

Coal Mines. — These should be represented as under stone quar- 
ries. Blocks, maps, labels giving heat units, analyses, extent and 
thickness of strata, and out]Hit. 

Clay. — Exhibits of the varieties, uses, wares, tiles, bricks, includ- 
ing of course kaolin and china. 

Grindstones and Whetstones. — Same treatment. It is probably 
known to few Indianians even that the finest quarries for these pur- 
poses are to be found here thai the world affords. 



07 



IjImestone for Lime and Lime Kilns. — Same treatment. Proe- 
esses, labels, statistics, gro\vth of industry. 

Gravel and Sand. — Same treatment. Samples for roads, for 
glassmaking, concretes, etc. Statistics. Photographs of sandhills near 
Lake Michigan are of much interest on account of their effects on for- 
ests and of forests on them. They are jiow disappearing. 

Fossils. — Indiana exliibits in regular order on a line from Ricli- 
mond to Evansville; the several strata of rocks from the lower Silur- 
ian through the Ordovieian, Devonian, snbcarlioniferous and carbon- 
iferous to the Pennian. Several localities are famous throughout the 
world as having the richest of beds of fossils. From Richmond to 
Madison these are Lower Silurian; at Waldron they are Upper Silur- 
ian; at Crawfordsville they are subcarboniferous ; at Bloomington and 
many points south from there geodes in great number and variety are 
to be found. All these should be as thoroughly represented as the 
S]>aee will jicrmit. 

Minerals. — Our species and varieties of minerals should be com- 
pletely represented; a few of them, as sulfid of iron, are of commer 
cial importance. 

Glacial Period. — This covers most of the State; nowhere is il 
susceptible of finer illustration than in Imlinnn. Its minerals, of 
course, are of accidental distribution. Our many hundreds of lakes 
are of glacial origin and constitute a very marked scenic feature; they 
are in size from twenty miles in circuit to extinct lakes, overgrown, if 
they had no outlets, by tamarac swamps, if they had, by ordinary de- 
ciduous forests; our moraines, lakes, swamps, drift hills, etc., should all 
be illustrated by photographs; the abundant glacial striae, etc., by 
specimens. 

Fossil ]\Tammals. — These offer an inviting field. A complete 
mastodon is in the Earlham museum. Also a Castoroides Ohioensis, 
the only one in existence. 

If loans could be arranged for with all the museums of the State, 
an exhibit could be made that would educate on these subjects in a 
manner otherwise impossible. 



OS 



Stock and Farming Resources 



Charles Downing. 



A g-oldeu oi:portunity for exjiloiting Indiana's live stock and farm- 
ing- resources will come in the centennial year of 1916. While the 
cities of the State abound in manufacturing- enterprises, the fact re- 
mains that Indiana is tirst of all in output and wealth immeasurably 
rich in farming and its allied industries. And the wealth of Indiana 
akmg- agricultural lines is steadily forging ahead. More grouml is 







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Indiana-Bred Horses. Interior of Coliseum. Indiana State Fair Grounds 

bi'ought under cultivation, more bushels to the acre are coming 
better farming methods, more live stoi-k is being produced year 
ar, and these factors will for generations to come give Indiana 
activities a long lead over any other line of industry Avithiu the 

"nited States Government census returns for 1912 show that 

ng- is the greatest contributor to the nation's prosperity. In 

these returns showed the fnnns yielded $9,532,000,000 in ]u-od- 

First in the list was nniiiial pro-lucts, $3,395,000,000; animals 



99 



sold, $l,:(30,UU0,O00; then came eoi-n with $l,759,00U,UO0. Indiana has 
been a heavy contribntor to this great volnine of the coimtiy's wealth. 

In 1912 the State had 642,848 horses, against 596,834 in 1900. 

In 1911 the State had 964,768 cattle, a steady growth year by year 
botli in number and in higher qualities of blood. 

In 1912 Indiana had 73,351 mules, 783,486 shee]) and 1,960,700 
hogs. 

In 1911 Indiana had 16,955,364 fowls in its poultry flocks, which 
produced 69,446,498 dozen eggs. 

The above tigures are quoted as evidence that Indiana has im- 
measiira1»h' resources to draw ii]ion for a centennial exposition. 




it ik'. 



3E*^Sa««r«-" 



Model Dairy Barn, Acton. Indiana. Otto R. Lieber 

It has been suggested that the Indiana State Board of Agriculture 
offer the following plan for celebrating the centennial with a great 
exposition of tlie State's farming resources along these lines: 

That the usual Indiana State Fair in 1916 be abandoned. 

That the Indiana State Fair grounds be turned over rent free to 
a commission to be named by the Legislature, or some other authority, 
or, if thought desirable, that the exposition of live stock and farm 
jjroducts be placed under the charge of the State Board of Agricul- 
ture because of its experience in this direction. 



100 



That in general character the centennial exposition of stock and 
farming resonrces be a modified form of the Indiana State Fair, spread 
over a ]ieiiod of weeks, as follows: 

First Week — Exposition of Horses and Mules. 

Second "Week — Ex]>()sitioii of Beef and Daii-v Cattle, and Dairy 
products. 

Third Week — Exposition of Sheep and Swine. 

Fourth Week — Exposition of Poultry, Fruits, Field and Garden 
products, ^Nlannfactnred and Home-made Pure Food products. 




Indiana Guernsey Herd. Prize-winning cow. Otto R. Lieber. Acton. Indiana 

During the entire period of the exposition that dis])lays of ma- 
chinery, automobiles, arts and crafts, oils, coal, stone, woods, brick 
and other Indiana building material be given. 

That through the exposition period eminent authorities on farm- 
ing sul)jects give educational lectures and addresses; that band con- 
certs an 1 other wholesome entertainment be jn-ovided. 

The exposition as outlined would be of immense educational 
value not only to the people of the farms, but to those of the city, who 
are practically unacquainted with the fanning and natural resources 
of their State, and to visitors who would attend from other States. 



101 



The exposition would also be an inspiration to Indiana people to 
strive for still s^reater accomplishment in developing the State's re- 
sources, in improving the blood of herds and flocks, in obtaining larger 
and better yields from farm lands. 

The Indiana State Fair has ample ground room, transportation 
facilities and other e(|ui)mient for such an exposition. But to give 
these dis])lays on adequate scale two oi- three additional buildings 
would be necessary — a cattle barn, a l)uilding for manufactui'ed 
products, a ])oultry house. 

These buildings would have to be provided for out of appropria- 
tions by the Legislature, as the State Board of Agriculture does not 
have sufficient financial resources upon which to draw for the puriDoso. 
These additional buildings should lie of ]H'nnanent character so that 
they could in years to come be utilized for State Fair pur|ioses. 

Should this or a similar exposition ])lan be adopted and the 
needed buildings erected, the State could reimburse itself for its out- 
lay of money by charging the usual State Fair admission and exliib- 
itors' entry fees, the ])rofits above tlie ex])osition's cost and operating 
exiienses to go back into tlie State treasuiy. 

This I'lan for a Centennial exposition would accomplish at least 
four important results: It would exjiloit the State's resources on a 
great and comprehensive scale; it would enable the State to commem- 
orate its one hundredth anniversary at moderate, if any, cost; it woidd 
give the Indiana State Fail" some ))uildings greatly needed if it is in 
years to come to measure up to the purposes for which the Legislature 
created it in 1851 : it would set the State before the American peo])le 
as a (■ommoiiwealth of culture, ]n'0gress and wealth. 



KC 



Manufactures, Commerce and Trade 



Edwaed a. Rx.'mely. 



A centennial exposition for the State of Indiana is especially de- 
sirable ;'.t this time, and if carried through with emphasis sufficient to 
reach every citizen in the State, it would help us to hind together our 
State i)opulation and strengthen the feeling of unity and common 
membership in oui- political organization centralized at Indianapolis. 

No group can work etfectively tog(41ier unless its constituent units 
feel themselves strongly as meml)ers of the same body. Indiana 
lacks a feeling of unity because the settlement of the State did not 
focus and radiate from a common center. 

Our transportation systems run east and west and have divided 
the State into units that belong to different centers: in the north, Chi- 
cago; in tlie south and west, St. Louis; in the east, Cincinnati. The 
fact that we have no single newspaper reaching all the ])arts of the 
State, alile to unify public opinion upon those issues with which our 
people must deal as a political unit, is a ])roof of this lack of common 
center. 

A centennial exhiliit will bring before our eyes a picture of our 
development up to the ]ij-esent time and it will help give a feeling of 
unity; also a retrospect showing the continuity of growth up to the 
present v\-ill lead the thought of the people to the things we are to 
achieve for ourselves, for our State, and for our Nation. Standards 
consciously set and recognized are more easily acliieved. 

An ex])Osition in Indiana ought to be particularly successful, for 
Indiana is, in a way, a focus point for the entire Nation. Geographic- 
ally its location is central to the United States. The lines of settle- 
ment have gone from the (^ast to the west and practically the entire 
stream of immigration for the Mississippi Valley and the country be- 
yond has passed through this State. The transportation of goods is 
still pred(miinatingiy east and west, going through Indiana. 

The center of population foi- the whole United States has been 
within the limits of the State of Indiana since 1890. It is now located 
at a jjoint within eighty miles of Indianapolis. It will always be 
easier to lirini;- to<>-ether all the citizens of the country at the center 
of population than in any other place. 

In ))oint of economic devel()])iiient, Indiana is typical of the 
Nation. It began in the luoncr days, one hundred years ago, in the 

108 




I Loaned by A . E. I.cavitt, Harriman. Tennessee 
Tunnel Mill, near Vernon, Indiana, erected about 1830. Operated at first by huge overshot 
wheel, later by turbine. One of the finest of its kind in the early days. Flour 
was shipped from it by water to Cincinnati and Pittsburg 



prmiitive agricultural coudition. Forests alternated with vast areas 
of virgin 2>rairie, to the masteiy and exploitation of which tlie energies 
of the first fil'ty to sixty years were devoted, hut as the virgin fertility 
was depleted, methods of fanning had to be changed. From the wheat 
gru\Hng of the frontier State, our farming has been modified and 
taken in a Avide variety of ])rodncts, representative in the largest way 
of the mixed agriculture of the jjresent day. Ninety per cent, of the 
entire population was, in the beginning, supported on the fanu. 
(Jradually cities grew and industries arose, that drew a larger and 




An Indiana-made Tractor, drawing 14 Indiana-made Plows 

larger jiercentage of the population into industrial pursuits, and today, 
out of every thousand inhabilauts. only three hundred remain on the 
farm. 

Qlie industries of Indiana represent a later phase of manufacture. 
We have highly manufactured products, such as agricultural imple- 
ments, vehicles, automobiles, engines, sewing machines, etc., all of 
which are most characteristic of our whole Nation. Also in the output 
of primary products, Indiana can well tA^Dify American achievement. 
Steel can be produced in great quantities, and at Gary at a cost un- 
eqnaled elsewhere in the world. At Whiting petrolemn is refined into 
its thousand ])roducts and sent broadcast to the world. 



105 



As shown above, Indiana is in a transition stage. Its develop 
nient from the jn'imitive ag-rieultural State to the modern, complex 
organization with vast factories and industries and its network of 
transportation is tjqDical of what has gone on and what is taking plac3 
in the I'^nited States as a whole. 

Onr P]astern States have become increasingly manufacturing cen- 
ters; our Western States are still largely agricultural in their inter- 
ests. Indiana stands midway. Memories of its earlier conditions stil! 
linger in the minds of many of its citizens and help tlicm to under 





The Center of Population in the United States. Bloomington. Indiana 

stand the interests and view-jioints of the West. Indiana has fur- 
nished more settlers for the Mississippi Valley and the Western 
States, than any other one State in the Nation, and also through per- 
sonal contact with these thousands of people do they get an under- 
standing of the forceful M^'estem sjiirit, which is asserting itself more 
and more in American jiuhlic life. 

In tlicir desire for future achievement lies the understanding of 
the East. The highly organized industrial production with its large 
wage-eai'uing poj^ulation has forced l)efore it in cities and in State 
organizations distinctly modem social jiroblems; the capital, the ma- 



10(i 



chinery, the finance, the problems of management of our industries, 
;ire similar to those of the East, and througli that we can understand 
and sympathize with the efforts of the older States. 

liidiana has opportunity and duty more than any other State of 
or^'stallizing the economic, social and political forms througli which 
the Nation shall develoi) during the next generation. 

An exposition well managed and planned can help us to under- 
stand one another and act as a whole. 

This centennial exhibit should be carried into every public school 





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Old State Bank Building, Brookville, Indiana. One of the first banks in the State 

througjiout the State. School children and the youth should he drawn 
into the work of preparation for the exhibit. Newspapers should co- 
ordinate, so that the material would become a vital factor in the 
thought and feeling of everyone within the borders of our State. The 
records created should be established in pennanent form in photo- 
gra}3hs and charts and reports so as to l)e available years after the 
exhibit itself is over. 

If handled in this way our centennial exhil)it would be the cause 
of our becoming conscious in a large way of our duties and work as 
citizens during the next generation. It would be well worth a million 
dollars and should have the full co()])eration of everyone. 



107 



SUGGESTIONS FOR EXHIBITS. 

AGRICULTURE. 

A log house with the entire equipmeut of the earliest days, in- 
cluding weapons and other hunting iin])lf'nients of the pioneers. This 
to he reproduced in exact form. 

A complete set of agricultural tools. 

Charts showing the date and progress of the State survey, the 
laying out of the roads and the products in the 40 's and 50 's. Maps 
and charts showing the location of earliest settlements, villages and 
first cities. Interesting manuseri]»t and records of the activity of that 
period. 

TRADES. 

The earliest log cabin was the center of industry as well. Industry 
was domestic, and most trades centered around the home. The exhibit 
should include tools, products and i-ecords of earliest industrial work 
as carried on in ])ioneer homes and in the earliest settlements and 
villages. The log cabin was not only the center of agTieulture and 
industry, but also the home. The exhibit could be arranged to show 
the changes that have transformed home life to its standard of today. 
In this connection the exhibits of schools, running from the little 
covmtry school with its three months a year course, that tirst took the 
child from the home, to our modern city school system. 

WOMAN. 

This line of argnment might culminate in an effort to give symbolic 
expression to the highest conception of what the home should be. At 
the Conservation Congress, nothing attracted more attention than the 
model cottage, which was an attem])t to typify, in a hasty way, a few 
of the materials and mechanical appliances of home life. Our exhibit 
should be broadly an attempt to bring in the higher and more personal 
relations of the home. 

The life and work of woman has undergone, during the last cen- 
tury, what is ])robably the most profound social change the world has 
ever known. This drama has taken place in a peculini'ly complete 
way within our own State from the ti*ansformation of the mother in 
the log cabin who wove and spun and made soap, educated her children, 
practising and presei-ving the basic arts and trades, to the factory 
worker, stenographer, the mistress in the home of leisure. 

This develo])ment, if properly represented in an exhibit, would 
be of absorbing interest just now when eveiyone seems to be thinking 

108 



of the position which woman is occupying in our society. Suggestions 
for presenting the personal and spiritual changes as well as the ma- 
terial aspects of the development in a s^anliolie way should be ready 
for jiresentation to the chairman of the committee. 

MODBEN CONDITIONS. 

The University of Purdue should be able to project a picture of 
four or five modem farms to show the present state of our agriculture. 
The models of the most efficient miits to be used for the future. In 
the neighborhood of our cities truck marketing and fruit gardening 
must make more and more progress. Dairying to supply milk, meat 
and butter is essential both to the support of our population and the 
greater prosperity of our famis. 

The modern agricultural implement owes a considerable share 
of its development to Indiana. Some of the earliest and most success- 
ful experiments on reapers, plows, binders, clover huUers and engines 
have taken place within this State. Exhibits of these tools, with 
charts and photographs showing their work could be included. 

Exhibits showing the work and extent of the other principal in- 
dustries could be secured so as to present in an interesting way subject- 
matter that has not been brought together before. Maps and charts 
of transportation to show the volmne and direction of movement. 

The two State universities should display their work as carried 
on at present, including an analysis of the future woi-k and earning 
power of their students, the bearing of their work upon the industries, 
and especially the agriculture of the State of Indiana. In working out 
this exhibit, it is quite probable that a better miderstaiiding of their 
function would gain hold throughout the State, and those in charge 
would be forced, as well, to realize more fully their relations to the 
peojile of this State who supjiort the institutions. 

Finally, a complete joicture of the relations of our State govern- 
ment and its work, its institutions and its bearing ujion the citizens 
should be made an important jmrt of the exhibit; because more and 
more, work that exceeds the power of individuals or of corporations is 
arising. Modern knowledge and modern tools have created demands 
which can be realized only through the State. And our connection 
and our dependence ujion our State organization must become clearer 
to us if it is to ]ierform its work sufficiently. 



109 



Transportation 



Clarence A. Kenyon. 



An hundred years ago Indiana was a wilderness. Indians, hunt 
ers and trappers were the only inhabitants. A large part of the State 
was a forest, and wild beasts and game of every description were 
abundant; the streams were filled with fish. The only means of trans- 
portation was the canoe and the pack horse, the only roads were Indian 
or animal trails. The history of transportation is the history, in a 
large measure, of civilization. Roads and civilization go hand in hand, 
each in a way dependent upon the other. As civilization advances 
roads increase in number and quality, and as the means of easy trans- 
portation multiply, civilization increases. This is true of all countries. 
The transition from the nomadic, semibarbarous, and pastoral maimer 
of life to the commercial, trading, militant, organized civilizations is 
marked by the means of tr;ins])ortation, which in its broadest sense 
includes rivers, canoes, i-ailroads, common roads and city streets. The 
United States has the longest and best roads in the world, and Indiana 
has its share of such roads, but they are the railroads and they have, 
in this country been brought to a high degree of perfection, not onlj^ 
in construction, but in methods of ujikeep and repair. 

As soon as the trappers and hunters began to settle ])ermanently 
and the jiioneers came, land was soon cleared and cultivated. It was 
absolutely necessary to have some means of transporting their excess 
l)roducts to market. The French came from Canada to the northern 
l»a.rt of the State and the Virginians and Kentuckians came in fion, 
the south and settled along the streams and rivers. Flatboats made 
l)y splitting large trees, tapering them at each end like a sled, were 
used to float products down the streams ; the boat was sold with the 
produce, as they had no means of getting it back. Next came the keel 
boat, Avhieh was transjjorted by poles. For years communication be- 
tween Indiana and the older colonies was veiy precarious. Thei'e 
were no roads into the interior. From Vincennes to the Falls of the 
Ohio the Indian or buffalo trail was the only semblance to a road. 
When Indianapolis was laid out there were no roads, and one of the 
first things the Legislature did was to a]ipro))riate money to build 
roads leading to the caiiital. One led to Lawrenceburg, another to 
Madison, another to Jeffersonville, but the appropriation for all of 
these roads was less than $60,000. So it will be seen that the appro- 
no 



priation was not sufficient to do nioi-e than clear the roadway, and do 
a little grading. 

Tn 1811, Robert Fulton and Kt)bert Livingston [tut a steamljoat 
on the Ohio River, and in later years a steamboat or two made regular 
trips to and from Indianapolis. In the early twenties there was great 
enthusiasm for improved methods of trans]iovtation. Over eight 
millions of dollars were appropriated for the building of canals; and 
while they cai'ried considerable freight for a time, were abandoned 
as soon as the railroads came and the money thus ajjpropriated was 




The Ox-team was a primitive but sure means of transportation 

largely wasted. ( )ur nwn canal leading to Broad Ripi)le and lieyoiid, 
cost the State nearly two millions of dollars and was ultimately sold 
for about five thousand dollars to private parties. Large sums were 
appropriated by the Legislature for the purpose of building railroads. 
The first road which the State attempted to build was to Madison. 
It vrould be a long story to tell of the ]iitiful failure of the State to 
bui!d and maintain this road and its final passage into the hands of 
])rivate ) arties. But the State was growing and needed transporta- 
tion. The common roads were in very bad condition. AMieu tlie capital 
was moved from Cor>'don to Indianapolis, the State records were 
hauled by wagons, at the s]ie(>d of feu or twelv(^ miles a day. 



m 



In those days the nearest gi-ist mill to Indianapolis was sixty 
miles. 

Some enterprising citizens established a line of wagons from the 
Ohio Eiver to the interior. These wagons had a wide hed and were 
covered with canvas. This was the only way to transport freight. 
For ])as8engers and mail, stage lines were operated. These stages 
were great clumsy things, swnng on leather springs, hauled by four 
or six horses. When the weather was bad they frequently stuck in 
the mud and the passengers would have to liel]) get them out. 














Packet Governor Morton, on the first trip up White River in 1860 

During the time of Monroe, Clay and Calhoun the problem of 
internal improvements was one of the burning questions. Agita- 
tion was great, not only in Indiana but all over the country. As 
a result, Congress provided for the construction of the Ciunberland 
or National road, wdiich crossed Indiana from Richmond on the east 
to Terre Haute on the west. It was never entirely completed and was 
finally turned over to the States and local authorities. Most of the 
railroads were built in the forties and fifties, but many of them were 
projected years before. From 1830 to 18.35, there was a great awaken- 
ing of the public roads spirit in the United States. The people of 



132 



Indiana caiiglit tlif I'l'vcr and tlu' Legislature (if 1.S35 authorized sur- 
veys of six ini])ortant groups, the first, for railroad or turnpike, from 
Madison via rndiana])olis to Crawfordsville and TjaFayette; tlie sec- 
ond, from ( "lawfordsville via Greencastle, IMooniington and Salem to 
Nen' .Mlianv; third, for a railroad from Evansville to V^iucennes; 
fourth, for a railroad from Vineennes to Terre Hante; fifth, macad- 
amized turnpike road from Xew Albany via Greenville, Paoli and Mt. 
Pleasant to Vineennes; sixth, to complete the surveys and estimates 
on the Lawrenceliurg- and Indianapolis Railway. Many charters 




"The Pioneer. " First gasoline motor vehicle constructed in the United States. New in the 
Smithsonian Institution at Washington. Built by Elwood Haynes. Kckomo, Indiana 

were granted, Imt the money was not forthcoming, and many of the 
roads were not built. As the railroads began to multiply in the forties 
and fifties, the necessity for common roads seemed to the people to be 
less; and it was not foi- some lime after the war that the building; 
of highways was commenced under the assessment and gravel road 
1 lans. In all these later plans the State has been left out. No ai)pro- 
priations were granted, no highway engineer or State aid of auv kind 
was provided for, and the era of extreme localization was introduced. 
Every township has a number of road officers as well as everv countv. 



113 






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The Indianapolis Motor Speedway, which holds the World's record for 500 miles, the average 
rate per hour for that distance being 78.74 miles 



iuostl\' without SI' it'll title knowieclgc or cxperieuce as road eugiueers 
or l)uil(lers. Aiid yet, ^vith the great abundance of gravel and lime- 
stone there is in the State a veiy considerable mileage of roads has 
been built, but mostly poorly built and all inade(|uately maintained. 

In 1894, the first internrlian was built, and in the last dozen years 
many lines of interurl)a)i roads have been constructed in Indiana. 
These roads furnished a new convenience to the agricultural commu- 
nities, and the jieople again began to feel that it Avas not necessaiy to 
have first-class country highways. 

The great advance in highway construction and maintenance that 
has taken i)lace, and is taking jilace in other States and nations, has 
impressed and is every day more and more impressing the jjeople of 
Indiana with the great necessity for increased economical trans]iorta- 
tion. The coming of the automobile and the motoi- truck, and their 
ever-increasing edficiency, is making it evident that our iiighways must 
be of better construction, and more perfectly maintained, or our State 
will fall behind in the race for supremacy. Few factories nowadays 
can endure unless a railroad switch runs to the factorj', because the 
manufacturer cannot afford to pay the cost of wagon transportation 
from the factory to the railroad. If this be trae, how can the prod- 
ucts of the fann stand the present great cost of twenty cents per ton 
per mile from the farm to the railroad, and from market centers back 
to the farm, when with hard roads the same products can be hauled 
for ten cents per ton per mile, or one-half the cost? The railroads now 
haul the products of the farm for three-fourths of one cent pei- ton 
per mile, or one-twenty-fifth of hauling to the railroad. 

One of the greatest in-oblems of life today is conservation and 
economy; and so in any plan for the advancement of a State or its 
people, this great problem of transportation must be met and an- 
swered. The State must help. Agricultural schools and increased 
soil fertility will increase the amount of i)rodnce raised to feed the 
i-apidly increasing millions, but of what avail is it unless we fijid an 
easier and cheaper way to transport these products from where thej' 
are plenty to where they are scarce; in other words, from the countiw 
to the towns and cities. The problem is so great that it almost stag- 
gers the imagination. 

AYhat greater thing could the State do at its centennial exposition 
than present this problem and its remedy to the people of the State. 
It is easily within the power of the proposed exposition, not only to 
show to the people, by means of pictures, maps, materials and models, 
the method and growth of transportation from tlie earliest times, 

115 




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down tlii-(iu,i>-li the ages, from the e;irth road and tlic pack horse, to 
the famous Ap])ian Way that still exists after more thau two thousand 
years of use. to the "flat" and "keel" and canal boats, the stage 
coach, the prairie schooner, the locomotive, the interirrban, the auto- 
moliile. and in addition to all this, a vision of the wonders that are 
almost within our grasp. We must in a way anticipate the future; 
we need the very great imjjrovements that are now almost within our 
gTasp. The Japanese have a proverb, "One look is better than a 
thousand words;" and this great exposition, if properly presented in 
"looks" will teach, our people that which will be worth moi'e to the 
State than the entire cost of the exposition. Let us do it. 



117 



How to Awaken General Interest and 

Participation 



Lew M. O'Bannon. 



In proportion to the number interested and made active partici- 
pants in any plan devised, will the celebration become a snccess and 
of largest benefit to all the ])eople. To attain these ends it is sug- 
gested that there should be: 



a 



T. A Campaign of EnrcATioxAL Agitation. 

1 . A sj^stematic method of advertising the celebration sliould be 
inaugurated through the newsjiapers of the State, setting forth the 
scope and purposes of the proposed celebration. To this end ajipropri- 
ate copy should )je prepared by a competent person or committee 
selected for this purpose. 

2. An effort might jjroperly be made to get various organizations 
of men and women, both State and local, to place the stamp of 
njipi-dval njjon such plans for the celebration as may be worked out by 
the Centennial Celebration Committee. 

o. If it would not involve too much labor and too heavy cost it 
would certainly be a great help if a booklet could be prepared contain- 
ing in brief what we might jn'operly call an "Inventory" of Indiana's 
achievements in a hundi'ed years, to be used in all the schools of the 
State, using, in a limited way, pictures of such historic scenes and of 
l)ublic and private property covering the entire century, as would 
illustrate the tremendous progress made in all lines of business in 
that time. Such a compilation might be made sufficiently valuable and 
attractive that it could be sold in large numbers over the State, thus 
serving the double purjiose of creating widespread interest in the 
proposed celebration and creating a fund to help ])ay necessary 
expenses, at least in a small measure. 

In this little volume could be used some of the choicest things that 
have been said in eulogy of our State, both in ])rose and verse, by 
Indiana writers, thus sharpening the a]i])etites of the peoi)le for what 
i.s in ])rospeet. Arouse the pride of Hoosiers in the splendid achieve- 
ments of themselves and their ancestors during the century and the 
work of making the celebration a success is made easier. 

11!) 



•4-. Tlicrc inii^lit l>i' some systi'iii ol' luizcs, or prciniuins, offered 
at the celehration upon e.\'hil)its with a jihiii, in some line or lines, 
which Avonid admit articles of production by townshi})s and counties. 
Especially mij>ht this l)e used to advantage in agricultural counties. 

IT. Local. {*F;rj;i;i;A'rioNS. 

1. A date should be fixed for appropriate exercises in all parts 
of the State — if deemed practical, in all the townships — literary and 
musical, and jiossibly an exhiliit ol' articles of superior quality in 




A Primitive Habitation. Let the children in the schools be told again and again the stories of 
early Hoosier life — its dangers and privations calling for the sturdiest heroism 

certain lines of ]»r()ductitin ]ieculiar to sucli localities, according to a 
progi'am as nearly uniform as ]iracMcal for the entire State. l>y this 
means the largest number of the peo))le of the State could be brought 
in touch with the nutritive influences that have been potent factors 
in the development of the industrial, educational, literary and religious 
interests of the commonwealth during the first hundred years of its 
existence. 

2. Every localitx' in the State could be amply prepared for these 
local celebrations by means of instruction through the schools during 
the three years intervening Ix'tween now and IfMl). This jilaii could 



iiiO 



be enlari>e(l ujidii and cxtciideil accoriling to tlic degree of interest 
developed and tlie faoilities availal)le in various i)laces. 

o. Tt niiolit also he well to hold similar exhibitions and celcbi-a- 
tions at all tlic ('(umty seats of the nintey-two coimties of the State, 
especially at such places as C'orydon, Vincennes, Lafayette, Battle- 
ground, etc., where historical events of State importance have occurred. 

History occujiies a liigh place in our best ])lans for successful 
education, and by giving Hoosiers a somewhat clear, though brief, 



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A Beautiful Road through the Canadian 
Rocky Mountains 



Another Beautiful Road over Bear Wallow 
Hill in Brown County. Indiana 



look into the past history of Indiana. I doubt not their sympathies can 
l)e wanned for the celebration ])roposition. 

Emerson spoke an important truth when he said: "There is a 
relation between the liours of our life and the centuries of time." The 
past is ours as well as the present, and upon the proper and wise use 
of both depends our success in the future. 

These are only suggestions, and they are modestly submitted in 
the hope that they may at least lead to something helpful in the ef- 
forts being made to lay tin- i)lans U)v a successful centennial celebra- 
tion in Indiana in TDK!. 



121 



Convention Hall, Indianapolis 



JIexky K. Uanxek and L. H. Lewis. 



After iiiontlis of caroful study niid investigation, a coiniiiittee 
representing- tiie several eommereial organizations of Indianapolis has 
decided to inaugurate a eampagn to I'aise funds with wliich to erect 
a large coliseum or convention liall. This campaign will be started 
as soon as arrangements can ))e made. The conunittee has sent out 
a call for "volunteers" and the rosponses indicate that the movement 
has struck a very hearty chord and will l>e consummated with celeiity. 

No movement ever started in Indianapolis with a better setting. 
The conditions are ripe. Every citizen realizes that a coliseum is a 
l>rime necessity. Thousands of visitors could be attracted here an- 
nually and scores of meritorious propositions could be staged if In- 
dianapolis possessed such a building. The investigation in other cities 
conducted by tlie committee pointed out conclusively that one of the 
things necessary for the success and welfare of any city today is a 
convention hall large enough to accommodate any gathering. It is a 
potent factor in community growth and develo]iment. 

Indianapolis is ideally located as a convention center. Its hotel 
acconnnodations are a,mi)le, its transportation facilities cannot be ex- 
celled anywliere, while it is wthin forty miles of the center of i)opula- 
tion of the I'nited States. Statistics show that conventions held here 
atti'act more members of the organizations than in other cities because 
of the first class accommodations in every respect. That is what has 
made Indiana]iolis known the world over as the "Premier Convention 
City." 

A\'itliout a coliseum Indianajxjlis is not in a position to entertain 
large conventions, and especially those that hold exhibits in connection 
with their convention. This class of conventions is the best from the 
"mercenary dollai- and cent standiioint." Indianapolis could easily 
obtain one of th(> big national ])olitical conventions if it lia<l a l)uilding 
where the gathering could be held. 

,\ll of these conditions have ser\'eil to awakiMi lndiaiia]>olis to this 
great need until there is absolutely no (jueslion but that the camjjaign 
for funds could l)e carried to com]iletion si)eedily and with ease. Every 
person realizes that a coliseum is a business necessity. It is more than 
that. A coliseum in lndiana]iolis wmiid do more to advance the inter- 
ests of the entire city than any other single euterjirise. 



Present indii/atious are that tlic campaign for i'un<ls will not he of 
leng'tliy dnration. The pnblie pulse lias been felt and tlie diagnosis 
given indicates a quick consummation of the project. From every 
part of the city has come "I will help you. Let us start now." The 




An adequate Convention Hall in Indianapolis is a pressing need both for the city and State, which 

must and will be met by the public-spirited citizenship of Indianapolis 

in ample time for the Centennial Celebration 

spirit manifest in every section is indicative tliat "all is well" and that 
the enterprise will not fall by the wayside. 

The coliseum will bo built and ready for oecupancj' when the time 
arrives for the celebration of Indiana's one-hundredth birthday in 
inifi. ''TTomc ])ride" makes eveiy Indianapolitan feel that be must 



123 



do his shai'c to mnkc the celebration a tremendous success and to make 
it so the city must iiave a coliseum to house at least a i)art of the ex- 
hibits that will ))e made in connection with the celebration, and as a 
meetin.ii;- place for the big gatherings that will be held. 

The coliseum will be built with a view of serving all of the pur- 
poses of such a building. It will be large and roomy and a model of 
architecture. It will be centrally located and easily accessible from 
every direction. 

Indianai)olis realizes that "it must" and when it believes that ''it 
must" the expression is quickly supj)lemented by "it will." The 
committee in charge of the movement has received hearty cnconrage- 
ment all down the line and it feels that novr is the accejited time to 
stage the movement to obtain the funds. This will be a "citizens 
movement" ]iartici])ated in by the entire city, and one that will l)e 
crowneil with success. 



124 



Going Back Home 



AViLBUK D. Nesbit. 



Indiana is a State wliorf Destiny sits on the doorstei;, and Upiior- 
tunity yanks the bell])nll off tlie door jamb and then tells the man to 
come along; wliere Fame goes tlirongh tlie streets witli an armfnl of 
laurel ehaplets; where Ambition is imshed to one side by men who tell 
it to go overleap itself, aceording to Sliakesjieare, but that for them- 
selves they have some duties to ]ierfo]'m. 

The Call of Duty is heard there -n-ith the naked ear; Duty never 
has to yell tlirongh a megajihone, talk on its fingers or write follow-up 
letters. 

The Nation began drafting Indiana's population as soon as the 
State was settled, and Hoosierdom has made history so fast that the 
historians have never caught u]) with events. 

It isn't any wonder that all over this and several otiier ccumtries 
Hoosiers are marking in red ink the dates covering Home Coming 
Week. 

We're ail going back home. 

And there's this blessed thing aliout Indiana — the ])eople who 
wlio greet us will lie just as glad to see us home again as we will lie to 
get there. 

It is a wonderful thing for us, this Home Coming Week. 

It broadens us and bettei's us; it sets our feet in the old ]iaths: 
we breathe llie old air; we see the old flowers, and the old liills, anil the 
old people — God bless them! 

Whether we droj) off the train at the little way station and find 
our way u)) the street on each side of which roses pee]) through the 
broken i;alings of sleejiy fences, whether we climli into a shiny trap 
and speed along the boulevard, whether we pile into a touring car and 
i-olj out along a iiike between fields from which drift heavy odors of 
rlover and hay, over the bridge beneath which grows mint that spices 
the twilight, through the woods where shadow fairies dance among 
the trees, to bring us up at the old gate opening on the old walk be- 
tween the beds of marigold and phlox and sweet ml Ham and four- 
o'clock — it's home. 

And home is wheic the heart is, and the heart is where home is, 
now and forevermore, amen! 

125 




Welcome Home! in 191£ 



126 



And if it ln' daylight, tlit' front door will Ix' open, and the old 
walls and floors and pictnrcs will ))e giving us wt'lconu'; and if it be 
dark tlip front dooi- will li(> o])en and the mellow lain}iliglit will fling 
a ])atliway of its own out into the shadows for us. 

And next day theie'll l)e the old boys — and the girls who are ever 
yoiuig — and the old tinie-^ will be lived over again, and Home Coming 




Return again to the Hoosier haunts of childhood. Lingering in your memory may be the 

picture of a "homey"' old place like this. Perhaps it may all be changed now. 

but you can at least tread again the sacred ground 

Week shall be as Fourth of .Inly and Christmas and New Years and 
Thanksgiving and all otlier good days rolled into one. 

And the memories we have cherished shall live foi' us in reality 
onee moi-e, the old songs sliall have a newer sweetness — even the old 
stories shall have a newer and fresher tang to them. 

The haunts of l)oylio()d, that call to us ever out of the silences, 
and in the clamor of alien streets, shall be ours once more. 



IL'T 



^'^^':-Mi 




"The Big Woods." Does your memory hark back to the day when every Hoosier community 

had its "Big Woods' of beech, hickory, giant oak and poplar ? What a charm of 

mystery there was in following the meandering path, amongst towering trees 

and tangled thickets, alive with the songs and chatter of wild creatures 




A Little Hoosier Church on the Hillside. In your travels abrcad to see picturesque and 
secluded shrines, did you see anything more charmingly artistic than this ? 



Wlicn tlie Hoosiers go home tliere'Il be shaking of haii(]s 
And tlie eloquent hiisli tliat tlie lieai't understands. 
And the smile tliat's a sigh, and the sigh that's a smile 
When they stand and think hack every won(h'rrnl while, 
And repeoi)le the town, and undo every change 
Till in fancy, at least, it no longer is strange. 

When the Hoosiers go home there'll be welcoming cheers 
And they'll laugh in rei^ly till they laugli out their tears, 
For. you know, though forgetfulness comes when we roam 
There's a surge of old memories when Ave go home. 
When we wonder where are all the friends we knew there — 
But we know, and our lijis will not frame tlie word "Where?" 

When the Hoosiers go home — why, the roads and the trees 
And the outsin-eading fields, and the Imni of the bees 
Will be welcoming them ! And the blue of the sky 
Will be bluer than ever in days long gone by! 
And the sunshine and shade Avill be flecking the grass 
Like a mirroring gladness that laughs as they pass. 

When the Hoosiers go home — O it's splendid to know 
That you never lose touch with the long, long ago ; 
That the old gate still swings, and the door is flung wide, 
And that folks are youi- fi'iends and your fellows beside! 
There'll be songs that are sweet as the blossomy foam 
Of the orchards abloom, when the Hoosiers go home. 



129 



SUPPLEMENT 



nil 



Quotations from a Few Letters Relating to 

the Proposed Centennial 

Celebration in 1916 



DAVID STARR JORDAN, President Leland Stanford Junior University. 

"Permit iiic t(i at'knowlodoo yonr kind letter of Novoiaber L'iitli. 
T am very greatly interested in yonr proposed Centennial Celebra- 
tion, and I shall do ^vhate^■(>r T can at this long range, toward help- 
ing in the matter.'" 

JOSEPH SWAIN, President Swarthmore College. 

■■ I have your k'tter of November liGth enclosing resolutions con- 
ceining the contemplated Indiana Centennial Celehration. I am 
always interested in everytliiiig tliat takes ])]ace iu ni\- native State, 
and T thank yon for giving- me information concerning this move- 
ment. You ha^ e a good and representative connnittee and I think 
tlie plnns are safe in tlieir liands." 

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR GORDON, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

'"As one of the ex-Hoosiers who has always kept in touch with 
Indiana and her people, and has a great affection for both, I desire 
to express the lio])e that you will have a Home-Coming feature in 
connection Avith the Centennial, in order that we ex-Hoosiers may 
feel on visiting the Centennial that we have a part in it. T am sure 
that such a feature if carried out, will be a great success." 

CAPTAIN JAMES B. CURTIS, New York City. 

"It affords me ])leasure to endorse the plan of a Centennial 
Celebration in 1916 by the State of Indiana. When a resident there 
it was always a y)rivilege for me to do everything ])Ossible for the 
good name of Tndiauaiiolis and Indiana. In leading the old Indian- 
ajiolis Light Artillei-y to victory for fifteen years in succession, much 
was accomi)lished along this line. Since leaving yon it has been a 
delight to me to organize tlse Indiana Society in New York and give 
diniu'rs wjiich always attracted nnich attention. T sincerely ho])e 
that vou will ])ush this scheme to a successful conclusion." 



1.33 



ROBERT JUDSON ALEY, President of the University of Maine. 

"I am si-eatly interested in tlie Indiana Centennial. As a loyal 
ex-Hoosier 1 desire to contribnte all that I <'aii for tlic snceess of 
the celebration. 

"Indiana in her first hundred years of Statehood, has made for 
herself a very honorable place. Her public institutions, her laws, 
her judiciary, her public men, her schools, her colleges, and her 
literature have taken high rank. It is very important that she should 
pause for a moment and celebrate in a fitting manner her achieve- 
ments. Such a celebration would not only be a fitting end to a great 
century, but also a x«'oper introduction to the still greater century 
which is to follow. The many Tloosiers who are living and working 
in orhcr States would hail with ,jov tlic opiiortunity to come home. 
They would rejoice to see a cele!)ratiou wortliy of the great State 
they love so well. Each of ns loves his adopted State as he loves 
his A^'ife, but he loves Indiana as he loves his mother." 

THE INDIANAPOLIS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 

"The Indianapolis Chamlier of Connnerce commends the highly 
l)atriotic and unselfish motives of your committee and assures you 
that it has the h.eartiest and best wishes of this organization in your 
endc:nor to promulgate successfully the movement looking toward 
a jiroper observance of Indiana's one hundreth l)ii-thday in 191(). 

"Indiana is a wonderful State. Her growth and development 
during the last century have been marvelous. How fitting it would be 
to have a joint exiiibit and celebration in 191() showing the progress 
made along all lines of community life. 

"The movement under your auspices is truly meritorious. It de- 
serves to succeed. The celebration as proposed and tentatively out- 
lined bv your committee would ini(|uestionably be a revelation to 
many and act as an incentive to I'aise the standard of ideals, and 
fostei- that s])irit of good fellowship tliat is always manifest in the 
citizenslii]! of Indiana. 

"Staged on a high plane with the educational feature predomi- 
nating throughout, we believe such an exhibit and celebration would 
attract thousands of strangers and serve as a means of bringing 
hack honu' those citizens who have drifted to other shores. 

"We appreciate your display of fealty and loyalty to old Indi- 
ana, and hope that the success, your efforts so richly deserve, will 
be vours." 



134 



Illustrations Showing Progress of the State 

in Educational, Industrial and 

Other Fields 



135 



Newer Buildings of Colleges in Indiana 





«*#■ 4»i 



m 






- ^7% '##* B Sep ■hf>t>\T^ 4 

I I. iW II 11 i •* 



I. " ^;V- -.. -^ 

k ^^ ' < • I R I I I I * I 




Notre Dame University 




Franklin College 




Hendricks Memorial Library, Hanover College 




Butler College 




Meharrv Hall. EePauw University 



Pictures Illustrative of Progress and Devel- 
opment of the State in Various Fields 



^..^^-^ 








RUME LY 

La Porte 



■...,' ■■'J>' S'xV^^: 



^UMFLY LA PORTE 









"IIMELY TORONTO' 



RUME LY 

La POfiTE 




The Beginning 




The Present Studebaker Plant 




1876 



Laboratory first established on Pearl Street. The site is now occupied bv the rear of the 
Indiana|iolis Chamber of Commerce Building 




1881 

ELI LILLY i: COMPANY 

Pharmaceutical Chemists 

Home Office and Laboratories, Indianapolis, Ind. 




189(1 




i'^i-l^ 



tM 



'f«*sjjjjj'^,«i«. «:U-«»i^*! i .•ijHffff 



Biological Laboratories, near CJreenfield. Inil 

Under Construction. 1913) 




Home Office :ind Ltiboratorics, 1913 

KLI LILLY cS; COMPANY 

Pharmaceiitieal Chemists 

Home Office and Laboratories, Indianapolis Ind. 

Branc/ies: 
New \'ork, Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, New Orleans 




1. Y. M. C. A. Building 



Gary. Indiana. 
2. New Theater 



3. Steel Mills 




IS "50 -iqo3. 



T^E INDIANAPOLIS 
UtU6 iqi3. 




NORDYKE &,,MARMQN COMPANY 





tXitiii V ,1 



NK of the oldest and 
trreatest industries of 
Indiana is Nordvke & 
Marmon Company of 
Indianapolis. Founded 



in 1851, this concern has built up a 
world-wide business in the manufac- 
ture of flour milling machinery, and 
today the concern is recognized as 
leading manufacturers in the cereal 
milling held. 

Tn addition, new laurels ha\e come 
to the Company in the manufacture of 
the Marmon Car, which is designed 
and constructed completely in this 
factory. As winner of records and 
trophies in many of the world's greatest 
contests on track and road as well as in 
its records in the hands of owners, the 
Marmon occupies an enviable position 
among the best cars of Europe and 
America. 




ONE. or THE ■WORLD - 
FAMED GROUP OF 
MARMON TROPHIES 



Making History in Indiana 

" Ndtioii(7/'' C'.tir Ksta/)/is/it/i\r Jl'or/i/'s Rrcon/ for 500 Miles 




/t 1\T /^ "f 1 /^ y^ /^ 1 '"*uilt in Indianapolis by the National 
J-± IM LliLUlltlL Motor Vehicle Company, defeated 
all comers from the entire world in history's hardest race, May 30, 
1912, on the famous Indianapolis Motor Speedway — 500 miles in 
381 minutes and 6 seconds. Never before had a man or machine 
traveled so fast for that distance. You will agree that although you 
may not be a de\otee of the motor car racing sport you are well 
enough informed on motor cars to know that when a car with- 
stands this terrific speed for 500 miles, straining every ounce of 
power and ever fiber of strength, it is unimpeachable proof of the 
car's quality and stamina. If there is a fiaw or w eakness in a car 
it w ill come out in such a white heat analytical test. This triumph 
on the Indianapolis Speedway in 1912, of an Indiana made car, is 
not only a splendid testimonial to the maker of the car, but an 
achievement in w hich all Hoosiers take pride. 

National Motor Vehicle Co. 

INDIANAPOLIS 

Sales Mraiuli, 426 North Capitol Avciuif 




•a ^ 



OJ 

d ■£ 

. o 

c ^ 

£ c 

O (U 

o ^ 

I " 



c 




Claypool Hotel. Indianapolis 



f\ 







Washington Hotel, Indianapolis 



Two Indiana Health Resorts of National Reputation 




French Lick Hotel 




\A^est Baden Hotel 



